tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-64393890428797981502023-11-15T06:10:37.194-08:00Best essay writing sitesNova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.comBlogger63125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-21331774286726481122020-08-25T01:36:00.001-07:002020-08-25T01:36:07.328-07:00Conglomerate Under the Microscope free essay sampleA combination under the magnifying instrument In 1960, Arthur Rosenburg established Tyco when he opened a research center to accomplish exploratory work the United States government. It wasnââ¬â¢t until 1962, Rosenburg consolidated the business as Tyco Laboratories. The companyââ¬â¢s center was around vitality preservation items and tech materials science for business use. In September 1964 Tyco opened up to the world and started its obtaining of different organizations to broaden its turn of events and appropriation arrange. Over the 22 years Tyco developed generously through key acquisitions and developing assorted variety inside the partnership. Some key acquisitions included: â⬠¢1974: Simplex Technologies, makers of undersea fiber optic media communications link â⬠¢1976: Grinnell Fire Protection Systems, makers of and temporary workers for fire sprinkler frameworks â⬠¢1979: Armin Plastics, makers of polyethylene film items â⬠¢1981: Ludlow Corporation, makers of bundling items. The expansion of these organizations, a complete value of $49 million, $500 million in all out deals, and a total assets $140 million pushed Tyco into the spotlight as a significant combination. The entirety of the achievements and development of Tyco can be contributed forceful administration by Roseburg and all administrators who emulated his example. Tyco is contained four specialty units: Electrical and Electronic Components, Healthcare and Specialty Products, Fire and Security Services, and Flow Control. The Companys name was changed from Tyco Laboratories, Inc. to Tyco International Ltd. in 1993, to reflect Tycos worldwide nearness. In 1997, after the merger with ADT, Tyco moved its joining from Massachusetts to Bermuda. In the course of the most recent two decades Tyco has seen a noteworthy ascent, blasting business, pulverizing outrage, and complete revival of the association. The companyââ¬â¢s morals have been enduring an onslaught because of amazing lawful difficulties. Luckily, Tyco has been capable ricochet back, yet the street back wasnââ¬â¢t a simple one. Effective reaches There have been numerous impacts that formed and shaped Tyco since its beginning in 1960. On July 19, 2001, the U. S. Customer Product Safety Commission and Tyco Fire Products LP partner, Central Sprinkler Company, nnounced a deliberate substitution program. The review was in light of imperfect O-ring seals. Focal Sprinkler Company made a move when they found that the O-ring sprinklers were debasing after some time. As per their discoveries, the sprinkler heads could consume or contaminants, for example, salt could influence the O-ring seals. Those variables could have caused the sprinkler heads not enact in case of a fire. (CPSC, 2001) The work and free parts substitution secured 37 million fire sprinklers with O-ring seals produced using the mid-1970 until 2001. There were likewise 167,000 sprinkler heads additionally reviewed made by Gem Sprinkler Company and Star Sprinkler Inc. This move by Tyco the executives was provoked for two genuine reasons. The main purpose behind the review was the nature of the item that was discharged by Tyco. After broad research and testing, Central Sprinkler Company was blessed to get the deformity in its own item. The second and likely the most rousing component was the possibility of monstrous claims originating from a defective O-ring. Had the deficiency been ignored, numerous lives would have been placed at serious risk. The sprinkler review wasnââ¬â¢t the main review the Tyco International was confronted with; there was likewise review on smoke alarms. On May 19, 2006, Tyco Fire Security in collaboration with the Consumer Product Safety Commission discharged an item wellbeing review on Tyco Fire Security Fire Detection Systems. It was evaluated that the review influenced around 21,000 Fire Detection Systems all through the United States. The shortcoming fire recognition frameworks entirely vulnerable to diminished affectability to smoke in states of high mugginess and high temperature. If this somehow managed to happen, the senor on the gadget could have postponed distinguishing the nearness of smoke in case of a fire. Tyco Fire Security reached assembling proprietors and directors with these sensors and gave free programming overhauls. Like the review of the sprinkler O-rings, Tyco International administration had to address this possibly tragic issue. In addition to the fact that this is an issue of morals, yet additionally an issue of legitimateness. By being proactive in the issue, numerous lives were spared, the companyââ¬â¢s notoriety was in respect, and no legitimate issues rose. In 1992, Dennis Kozlowski became CEO of Tyco International and led a forceful procurement procedure that prompted the obtaining large number of organizations. Throughout the decade Tyco International appreciated a consistent improve in profit and Kozlowski was continually positioned as one of most generously compensated CEOââ¬â¢s in the United States. In 2002, closely following discussions about separating the organization into four separate organizations, Tyco International experienced harsh criticism for unlawful bookkeeping rehearses. It was later found that there were a huge number of unapproved installments made to CEO Dennis Kozlowski and other Tyco workers. Dennis Kozlowski left the organization not long after the embarrassment, leaving investors and Tyco representatives uncertain of the companyââ¬â¢s future. As indicated by reports, 11 names among the 51 Tyco representatives who, at Kozlowskis bearing and without board endorsement, got $56 million in rewards that as a result counterbalanced advances they had taken from the companys migration program. It was additionally discovered that $50 million was paid to Kozlowski and previous CFO Mark Swartz. The organization said Kozlowski abused $62 million of the companys coffers to buy a $16. million loft on Fifth Avenue in New York and $14 million for enhancements and goods to the condo. A portion of the goods that came up short on any real business reason incorporated a $15,000 hound umbrella stand; a $17,100 voyaging latrine box; a $6,000 shower drape; a $2,200 overlaid metal wastebasket; and $2,900 for coat holders. By and large, somewhere in the range of 1995 and 2002, Kozlowski just took care of $21. 7 million of the $62 million. (CBS, 2002) After selecting previous Motorola COO Edward Breen to CEO, Tyco International recorded two government claims against Kozlowski and an administrative suit against Swartz. Kozlowski and Swartz were accused of big business defilement and terrific robbery for supposedly taking $170 million from the organization and acquiring $430 million through the false deals of protections. Both were indicted for everything except one check. For this situation Tyco settled on right choice to indict anybody associated with this case. On the off chance that the embarrassment would have been inadequately dealt with, the monetary repercussions would have been pulverizing. In 2003, Tyco embraced the Guide to Ethical Conduct so as to control and encourage workers as to address systems and caution of exploitative practices and conduct. Every year Tyco workers are currently required to take a morals course and sign a morals articulation upon finishing. Not long after the aftermath of the embarrassment Tyco was confronted with claims from financial specialists. These speculators lost cash from protections they bought from Tyco between Dec 13, 1999 and June 7, 2002. Tyco had the option to settle with speculators for 2. 97 billion dollars. The Tyco settlement is right now the biggest ever by an organization (Norris, 2007). On June 29, 2007, Tyco separated into three free organizations, each with its own administration gathering. The three organizations are Covidien Ltd, Tyco Electronics Ltd, and Tyco International Ltd (in the past Tyco Fire Security and Tyco Engineered Products Services). Chief of Tyco International, Edward Breen and his administration staff have started chip away at restoring Tycoââ¬â¢s name and notoriety in the business network. The promise to moral strategic approaches can be found in the companyââ¬â¢s administration articulation: Tyco accepts that great administration requires a compelling arrangement of explicit practices as well as a culture of duty all through the firm. Peruse progressively about our pledge to the best expectations of corporate administration. Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-32569846331908566202020-08-22T02:49:00.001-07:002020-08-22T02:49:28.427-07:00The matching hypothesis Essay ExampleThe coordinating speculation Paper There are numerous variables associated with the development of connections, vicinity, introduction and family, similitude, physical allure, integrally, skill and proportional loving. In this examination, the exploration will investigate allure, explicitly the match speculation. Zuckerman et al (1995) detailed that the more appealing an individual appeared to be, the more constructive was anothers in general impression of that individual. Symons (1979) demonstrated that a womans physical wellbeing, age, and uniqueness are appealing to men while a keeps an eye on status, stature, aptitudes, and capacities are alluring to ladies. Berry and Miller (2001) found that guys appraised physical appeal as the best indicator for better associations with lady, while lady evaluated amiability as the most significant factor for men. An investigation was done by Walster et al in 1966 known as the PC move study. 752 freshers partook. First they were advised to fill in a survey, after which they were informed that they had been apportioned a perfect accomplice for the night of the move. These pairings in any case, had been made indiscriminately on premise of their physical engaging quality. Understudies were asked the amount they enjoyed their date and on the off chance that they needed to see them once more. They found that physical appeal was the single greatest indicator of how much each date had been preferred by both male and the female members. The longing of another date was dictated by the engaging quality of the female, independent of the allure of the male. At the point when we see an individual in the road we consequently rate that people engaging quality, regardless of whether we do it deliberately or unwittingly. We will compose a custom article test on The coordinating speculation explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on The coordinating speculation explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on The coordinating speculation explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The coordinating speculation is a famous mental hypothesis proposed by Walster et al. 1966, on what makes individuals be pulled in to their accomplices. It guarantees that individuals are bound to frame dependable associations with individuals who are generally similarly as genuinely appealing as themselves. This examination will imitate this investigation. The coordinating marvel of physical fascination between marriage accomplices is steady inside and across ages, Price and Vandenberg 1979. A few investigations have tried the coordinating speculation. These examinations by and large show that individuals evaluated as being of high, low or normal engaging quality will in general pick accomplices of a relating level of appeal. A few examinations have been completed that investigate this field of enthusiasm for, Murstein (1972) who likewise bolsters the coordinating speculation did an examination with photos of the essences of consistent or drew in couples were contrasted and arbitrary couples. The genuine couples were reliably decided to be increasingly like each other in levels of physical appeal than the irregular sets. Murstein summed up the discoveries of the investigation as: Individuals with equivalent market an incentive for physical appeal are bound to relate in a close connection, for example, commitment that people with dissimilar qualities. In straightforward terms, he found that individuals with generally equivalent appeal are bound to build up a close connection, than if one individual out of the couple was viewed as being ugly and the other alluring. This examination centers around couples separate allure and their engaging quality as a couple, breaking down solitary appeal and coupled engaging quality. The point of the examination is to explore the coordinating speculation and to test whether there is a positive connection between's the scores of apparent engaging quality of the male and female of the wedded couples and furthermore as a team. This examination contrasts to past investigations completed here of enthusiasm, as the photos are not isolated and the guys and females are appraised independently as far as allure. Members were likewise approached to rate the photographs as a team. The speculation: There would be a positive relationship between's members saw scores of engaging quality of photos of wedded couples. Invalid theory: There would be no connection between's members saw scores of engaging quality of photos of wedded couples. Strategy The technique picked for this examination was a correlational research strategy, as a connection between the two factors was being explored. The co-difference is the male and female scores. All the photographs utilized all through the methodology are acquired from articles from a neighborhood paper. After the photographs are gotten, record sheets will be created on which the members will rate the couples. The photographs utilized will be kept together (I. e. they won't be cut into independent male and female segments) for the straightforward explanation that I am additionally posing the inquiry; do the couples coordinate one another? This would be difficult to do as such if the photos were isolated. This additionally makes my examination progressively unique. The members will at that point be given structures like the record sheet (reference section). Cause and examination was the proper strategy for this examination as it gives data on the quality of a connection between explicit factors. Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-2018998648157660632020-07-27T04:10:00.001-07:002020-07-27T04:10:03.674-07:00Understanding Internal and External ValidityUnderstanding Internal and External Validity Basics Print Understanding Internal and External Validity How These Concepts Are Applied in Research By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 05, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 26, 2020 Andresr / Getty Images More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming In This Article Table of Contents Expand Internal Validity External Validity Similarities and Differences Examples View All Back To Top Internal and external validity are concepts that reflect whether or not the results of a study are trustworthy and meaningful. While internal validity relates to how well a study is conducted (its structure), external validity relates to how applicable the findings are to the real world. Internal Validity Internal validity is the extent to which a study establishes a trustworthy cause-and-effect relationship between a treatment and an outcome.?? It also reflects that a given study makes it possible to eliminate alternative explanations for a finding. For example, if you implement a smoking cessation program with a group of individuals, how sure can you be that any improvement seen in the treatment group is due to the treatment that you administered? Internal validity depends largely on the procedures of a study and how rigorously it is performed. Internal validity is not a yes or no type of concept. Instead, we consider how confident we can be with the findings of a study, based on whether it avoids traps that may make the findings questionable. The less chance there is for confounding in a study, the higher the internal validity and the more confident we can be in the findings. Confounding refers to a situation in which other factors come into play that confuses the outcome of a study. For instance, a study might make us unsure as to whether we can trust that we have identified the above cause-and-effect scenario. In short, you can only be confident that your study is internally valid if you can rule out alternative explanations for your findings. As a brief summary, you can only assume cause-and-effect when you meet the following three criteria in your study: The cause preceded the effect in terms of time.The cause and effect vary together.There are no other likely explanations for this relationship that you have observed. Factors That Improve Internal Validity If you are looking to improve the internal validity of a study, you will want to consider aspects of your research design that will make it more likely that you can reject alternative hypotheses. There are many factors that can improve internal validity. Randomization refers to randomly assigning participants to treatment and control groups, and ensures that there is not any systematic bias between groups.Random selection of participants refers to choosing your participants at random or in a manner in which they are representative of the population that you wish to study.Blinding in a study refers to participantsâ"and sometimes researchersâ"being unaware of what intervention they are receiving (such as by using a placebo in a medication study) to avoid this knowledge biasing their perceptions and behaviors and thus the outcome of the study.Experimental manipulation refers to manipulating an independent variable in a study (for instance, giving smokers a cessation program) instead of just observing an association without conducting any intervention (examining the relationship between exercise and smoking behavior).Study protocol refers to following specific procedures for the administration of a treatment so as not to introduce any effects of, for example, doing things differently with one group of people versus another group of people. How Does Random Selection Work? Factors That Threaten Internal Validity Just as there are many ways to ensure that a study is internally valid, there is also a list of potential threats to internal validity that should be considered when planning a study.?? Confounding refers to a situation in which changes in an outcome variable can be thought to have resulted from some third variable that is related to the treatment that you administered.Historical events may influence the outcome of studies that occur over a period of time. Examples of these events might include a change in political leader or natural disaster that influences how study participants feel and act.Maturation refers to the impact of time as a variable in a study. If a study takes place over a period of time in which it is possible that participants naturally changed in some way (grew older, became tired), then it may be impossible to rule out whether effects seen in the study were simply due to the effect of time.Testing refers to the effect of repeatedly testing participants using the same measures. If you give someone the same test three times, isnt it likely that they will do better as they learn the test or become used to the testing process so that they answer diffe rently?Instrumentation refers to the impact of the actual testing instruments used in a study on how participants respond. While it may sound unusual, its possible to prime participants in a study in certain ways with the measures that you use, which causes them to react in a way that is different than they would have otherwise.Statistical regression refers to the natural effect of participants at extreme ends of a measure falling in a certain direction just due to the passage of time rather than the effect of an intervention.Attrition refers to participants dropping out or leaving a study, which means that the results are based on a biased sample of only the people who did not choose to leave (and possibly who all have something in common, such as higher motivation).Diffusion refers to the treatment in a study spreading from the treatment group to the control group through the groups interacting and talking with or observing one another. This can also lead to another issue called r esentful demoralization, in which a control group tries less hard because they feel resentful over the group that they are in.Experimenter bias refers to an experimenter behaving in a different way with different groups in a study, which leads to an impact on the results of this study (and is eliminated through blinding). External Validity External validity refers to how well the outcome of a study can be expected to apply to other settings. In other words, this type of validity refers to how generalizable the findings are. For instance, do the findings apply to other people, settings, situations, and time periods? Ecological validity, an aspect of external validity, refers to whether a studys findings can be generalized to the real world. While rigorous research methods can ensure internal validity, external validity, on the other hand, may be limited by these methods. Another term called transferability relates to external validity and refers to the qualitative research design. Transferability refers to whether results transfer to situations with similar characteristics. Factors that Improve External Validity What can you do to improve the external validity of your study? Inclusion and exclusion criteria should be used to ensure that you have clearly defined the population that you are studying in your research.Psychological realism refers to making sure that participants are experiencing the events of a study as a real event and can be achieved by telling them a cover story about the aim of the study. Otherwise, in some cases, participants might behave differently than they would in real life if they know what to expect or know what the aim of the study is.Replication refers to conducting the study again with different samples or in different settings to see if you get the same results. When many studies have been conducted, meta-analysis can also be used to determine if the effect of an independent variable is reliable (based on examining the findings of a large number of studies on one topic).Field experiments can also be used in which you conduct a study outside the laboratory in a natural setting.Reprocessing or calibration refers to using statis tical methods to adjust for problems related to external validity. For example, if a study had uneven groups for some characteristic (such as age), reweighting might be used. Factors That Threaten External Validity External validity is threatened when a study does not take into account the interactions of variables in the real world.?? Situational factors such as time of day, location, noise, researcher characteristics, and how many measures are used may affect the generalizability of findings.Pre- and post-test effects refer to the situation in which the pre- or post-test is in some way related to the effect seen in the study, such that the cause-and-effect relationship disappears without these added tests.Sample features refer to the situation in which some feature of the particular sample was responsible for the effect (or partially responsible), leading to limited generalizability of the findings.Selection bias refers to the problem of differences between groups in a study that may relate to the independent variable (once again, something like motivation or willingness to take part in the study, specific demographics of individuals being more likely to take part in an online survey).?? This can also be considered a threat to internal validity. Similarities and Differences Internal and external validity are like two sides of the same coin. You can have a study with good internal validity, but overall it could be irrelevant to the real world. On the other hand, you could conduct a field study that is highly relevant to the real world, but that doesnt have trustworthy results in terms of knowing what variables caused the outcomes that you see. Similarities What are the similarities between internal and external validity? They are both factors that should be considered when designing a study, and both have implications in terms of whether the results of a study have meaning. Both are not either/or concepts, and so you will always be deciding to what degree your study performs in terms of both types of validity. Each of these concepts is typically reported in a research article that is published in a scholarly journal. This is so that other researchers can evaluate the study and make decisions about whether the results are useful and valid. Differences The essential difference between internal and external validity is that internal validity refers to the structure of a study and its variables while external validity relates to how universal the results are.?? There are further differences between the two as well. Internal Validity Focus on accuracy and strong research methods Controls extraneous variables Conclusions are warranted Eliminates alternative explanations External Validity Results translate to world at large Findings are generalizable Outcomes apply to practical situations Results can be translated into another context Internal validity focuses on showing a difference that is due to the independent variable alone, whereas external validity results can be translated to the world at large. Examples An example of a study with good internal validity would be if a researcher hypothesizes that using a particular mindfulness app will reduce negative mood. To test this hypothesis, the researcher randomly assigns a sample of participants to one of two groups: those who will use the app over a defined period, and those who engage in a control task. The researcher ensures that there is no systematic bias in how participants are assigned to the groups, and also blinds his research assistants to the groups the students are in during experimentation. A strict study protocol is used that outlines the procedures of the study. Potential confounding variables are measured along with mood, such as the participants socioeconomic status, gender, age, among other factors. If participants drop out of the study, their characteristics are examined to make sure there is no systematic bias in terms of who stays in the study. An example of a study with good external validity would be in the above example, the researcher also ensured that the study had external validity by having participants use the app at home rather than in the laboratory. The researcher clearly defines the population of interest and choosing a representative sample, and he/she replicates the study for different technological devices. A Word From Verywell Setting up an experiment so that it has sound internal and external validity involves being mindful from the start about factors that can influence each aspect of your research. Its best to spend extra time designing a structurally sound study that has far-reaching implications rather than to quickly rush through the design phase only to discover problems later on. Only when both internal and external validity are high can strong conclusions be made about your results. An Overview of the Scientific Method Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-36115733400006254422020-05-22T11:52:00.001-07:002020-05-22T11:52:04.968-07:00The Supernatural In Macbeth - 1858 Words In the play Macbeth by WIlliam Shakespeare, the supernatural is an ever present force, seen in the witches, the ghost of banquo, and maybe some other places. The way Shakespeare portrays the supernatural, and especially the witches, add a great deal s to the play, and also contribute in key ways to the themes, structure, tone. Mood, and literary devices in ways that are designed to affect the audience of the play. The most important contribution in my opinion, was that they made the play scary, and created a feeling of uncertainty or unease, which felt like an important aspect of the play. In Macbeth, the witches exemplify some of the important themes through their supernatural abilities, and these themes are important to deliver theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The prophecies are interesting because we donââ¬â¢t know whether they were predicting the future, or changing it. Does Macbeth kill the king because he was destined to, or because the witches made him think he was destined to? At the end, Macbeth was told he couldnââ¬â¢t be killed by a man born of a woman; was this ever true? Was he killed by Macduff because Macduff had been ripped from his mother s womb, or because Macbeth knew this and gave up? Really, Macduff only attacked Macbeth because Macbeth killed his family after being told he should fear him. The witches caused all of these things somehow, and whether they did it by supernaturally controlling fate or by manipulating Macbeth is one of the more interesting parts of the play to me. These themes (fair vs foul, and one s control over their own fat e) are important in adding a feeling of uncertainty, and creating some level of fear and suspense. The witches in Macbeth would have been especially scary and mysterious to the audience it was originally written for: the people living in England in the early 1600s, including the king himself. Most of the audience at the time would have believed in witches, and would therefore be afraid of them. The idea that there were crazy killers out there, being controlled by witches that could see the future, create scary potions, and recite spells would haveShow MoreRelatedThe Supernatural in Macbeth874 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Supernatural in Macbeth The supernatural contributes significantly to the story in the thrilling play Macbeth, written by Shakespeare. The paranormal signs and powers show considerable overlap with insanity in the case of several characters throughout the play. The superhuman agents that appear or contacted in the play are used for evil purposes in almost all the cases, and are predominantly resulting in the death of a human being. First of all, the three witches are using supernatural powersRead MoreTheme Of Supernatural In Macbeth773 Words à |à 4 PagesShakespeares Macbeth, the supernatural and the role it plays in motivating characters is present throughout the duration of the play. The supernatural causes conflict in the play and the prophecies from the witches in act one is the inciting action. The apparition, Banquos ghost, and the dagger are examples of how the presence of the supernatural causes conflict. The theme of the supernatural causing conflict in Macbeth plays an important role in the plo t of the play. The witches in Macbeth play a criticalRead MoreThe Supernatural World Of Macbeth1103 Words à |à 5 Pagesthe supernatural world. The idea that the world was full of witches, ghosts, and spells began to stain the country. The hysteria and paranoia regarding witches and spells caused uncontrollable excitement for the people in the 15th century. Following superstitions and indulging in mystical magic was habitual; darkness was taking over. Slowly, but surely the malicious, foul, and unholy world was raiding the souls and minds of the people in the 15th century. The supernatural world in Macbeth wasRead MoreSummary Of The Supernatural In Macbeth1387 Words à |à 6 Pagessuspense and involvement of the supernatural. The use of the witches, the visions, the ghost and the apparition is key to making the idea of the plot work and it adds the elements of thrill and suspense to the audience. Reading through each act and scene of the play, it is noticed that the supernatural is in reality a primary concept of the playââ¬â¢s plot. The use of the supernatural emerges at the start of the play, with three witches predicting the destiny of Macbeth. The audience now has an idea asRead MoreMacbeth - Supernatural Theme809 Words à |à 4 PagesThe presence of supernatural forces in William Shakespeare s, Macbeth, provides for much of the play s dramatic tension and the mounting suspense. Several supernatural apparitions throughout the play profoundly affect Macbeth and the evil forces eventually claim Macbeth and destroy his morals. Macbeth s ambition was driven by the prophecies of the three witches and unlike Banquo, he was willing to do anything to assure that they actually transpire. Macbeth is horrified at the notion of killingRead More The Supernatural in Macbeth Essay3374 Words à |à 14 PagesThe Supernatural in Macbeth à à More than a few elements of the supernatural can be discovered within the action and dialogue of Shakespeares plays.à However, the extent and nature of those elements differs to a large degree.à There are traces of it to be found in Henry V, Pardon, gentles all,/The flat unraised spirit that hath dard...to bring forth/So great and object (Lucyà 1).à à There are also elements of it apparent in Winters Tale, What I did not well I meant well (Lucyà Read MoreThe Supernatural in Macbeth Essay1031 Words à |à 5 PagesFrom witches to apparitions, supernatural elements are the constituents of the play, Macbeth. The supernatural occurrences served as role as a manifestation of evil temptations that seduced Macbeth into murdering, even his own comrades. Macbethââ¬â¢s first meet with the supernatural was the ignition of his ambition to kill for his own success; the second encounter of the supernatural allowed his sanity and judgment to wander off to a murdererâ â¬â¢s mind with the basis of his before gained ambition. Supernaturalââ¬â¢sRead MoreThe Supernatural In Macbeth Essay1944 Words à |à 8 PagesThe Supernatural and itsââ¬â¢ affect in the play Macbeth The supernatural has always fascinated and continues to intrigue mankind. In many of Shakespeareââ¬â¢s plays, he uses the supernatural to strengthen a particular scene or to influence the impression the audience has about someone or something. This was not strange or uncommon in Shakespeareââ¬â¢s time. In fact, during the 1500s, many people still believed in witches and witchcraft. Even in todayââ¬â¢s society, with such advanced science and technology, manyRead MoreMacbeth : Influence Of The Supernatural2958 Words à |à 12 PagesMacbeth Essay- Influence of the Supernatural ââ¬Å"The supernatural is the natural not yet understood.â⬠(Elbert Hubbard) Within the realm of Williams Shakespeareââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Macbethâ⬠, supernatural elements play a prevalent role throughout the telling of the tragedy. Created in a time period in which fear of the unknown ran high and belief in the supernatural was rampant, the incorporation of mystical components resulted in a compelling story for the people of the Elizabethan era. Moving forward into the modernRead MoreOccult and Supernatural Elements in Macbeth1402 Words à |à 6 PagesAlthough Macbeth is not classed as being a supernatural play or a play of the occult, there are some elements in the play that Shakespeare uses to effect. It is necessary however, to define what is meant by the terms ââ¬Ëoccultââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ësupernaturalââ¬â¢: the term ââ¬Ëoccultââ¬â¢ is defined as being ââ¬Ësupernatural beliefs, practises or phenomenonââ¬â¢ and the term ââ¬Ësupernaturalââ¬â¢ is de fined as being ââ¬Ëattributed to some force beyond scientific understanding or the laws of natureââ¬â¢; both these terms can be associated with Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-71273602905501177052020-05-08T23:01:00.001-07:002020-05-08T23:01:03.275-07:00An Analysis Of George Gershwin s An American Folk Opera ââ¬Å"An American Folk Opera.â⬠George Gershwinââ¬â¢s most successful piece of expansive musical drama was subtitled with this term that no musician or critic had applied to a work of musical drama before the 1935 premiere of Porgy and Bess. Much has been written about the workââ¬â¢s subtitle; its literal meaning, its evolution, and its implications for a changing cultural landscape. Porgy and Bess was the last in a triptych of literature and theater surrounding the character of Porgy, a crippled beggar living in Charlestonââ¬â¢s semi-fictitious Catfish Row. Porgy, the 1925 novel written by white author DuBose Heyward, was ââ¬Å"the original.â⬠The novel received mixed reviews; white critics praised Heywardââ¬â¢s vivid descriptions of ââ¬Å"the life of the Negroâ⬠whileâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Dvorakââ¬â¢s Symphony No. 9, ââ¬Å"From the New Worldâ⬠was based upon ââ¬Å"spirituals and plantation song from the South.â⬠Bartokââ¬â¢s Ten Easy Pieces for piano were heavily influenced by ââ¬Å"folk melody [that was] a kind of inspirational motto to be developed.â⬠Gershwin understood there to be a need for a truly American voice in music, comparable to those of the great nationalist European composers, recognizing that ââ¬Å"The only kinds of music which endure are those which possess form in the universal sense and folk music. All else dies.â⬠Similar to Dvorak in his ninth symphony, the idiom that Gershwin employed for his opera was that of the Negro spiritual and folk song. Before composing Porgy and Bess, Gershwin made a trek down to Charleston, South Carolina and some of its outlying island communities with the purpose of studying ââ¬Å"rural African Americanâ⬠culture. It was there that he became immersed in the music of that community and it was there that he garnered his inspiration for the operaââ¬â¢s score. Again harkening to the traditions of the European masters, Gershwin decided against the note-for-note transcription of the songs he had heard, but rather used them as inspiration for a continuous musical narrative of folk-inspired themes. Thus, we arrive at the term ââ¬Å"folk opera.â⬠Gershwinââ¬â¢s use of African American folk material in the composition of an opera gave rise to the literal terminologyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the Music Industry30024 Words à |à 121 Pagesjazz and world music). In mainstream music, recording and marketing are now dominated by just four `majors worldwide, one of which is the UK s own giant record company, EMI Group PLC. The other majors are Universal Music Group and Warner Music Group, based in the US, and Sony BMG, a Japanese/German joint venture only created in 2004. One of EMI s major strengths is its historic catalogue of recordings ââ¬â and copyrights ââ¬â which includes The Beatles and many other enduring acts of the last century Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-43535554809154871222020-05-06T09:54:00.001-07:002020-05-06T09:54:59.293-07:00A case study of the UK flooding the river Uck, East Sussex, October 2000 Free Essays During the wet season of October the Sussex the Uck-Ouse basin burst it banks and caused major flooding in the surrounding towns mainly a small town called Uckfield. Upstream of the town of Uckfield slopes are very steep and so runoff happens very quickly after rainfall. However the River Uck flood plain is relatively undeveloped, with natural flood plains remaining. We will write a custom essay sample on A case study of the UK flooding: the river Uck, East Sussex, October 2000 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Here land management practices are well adapted to flooding. The flooding in the central part of the Ouse catchments on Thursday 12th October 2000 was preceded by 3 days of storms and heavy rain across the whole area. The ground became increasingly waterlogged, and there was widespread, localised flooding from surface water run-off. Uckfield flooded dramatically from about 5.00am on the 12th October, with river levels rising rapidly to a peak between 9.00am and 10.00am, at which point a torrent of water up to 1.9m deep, was flowing through the town centre causing considerable damage. Barcombe and Lewes filled up and widespread flooding in Lewes started at about 1.00pm, as the rising river backed up behind the Cliffe Bridge and overtopped the flood defences at a number of locations. Within about an hour or so the flood defences throughout the town were completely overwhelmed and the town centre rapidly filled with floodwater. Many hundreds of people were stranded and had to be rescued by the Emergency Services in boats. By the time the floodwaters peaked at about 9.30pm, some parts of Lewes were less than 3.6m of water. As the flows passing downstream from Barcombe continued to increase at a rapid rate, the floodwaters weired over the river walls and surged through the streets and open areas in Lewes, rapidly filling up sections of the urban floodplain to a depth of 1m in about half an hour. The Police abandoned the centre of town, and the evacuation turned into a rescue operation as the RNLI and Emergency Services used inflatable lifeboats to reach people suddenly trapped in their homes or businesses. The flood devastated the centres of Uckfield and Lewes, as well as causing significant damage to surrounding rural properties and the farming community. * long periods of drying out and repair mean that many homes have remained uninhabitable for many months after the event, with residents having to live in alternative, temporary accommodation; * similarly, many businesses remain closed months after the flood, and a small number are believed to have closed permanently; * a long term loss of trade, both for the flooded businesses, and for the wider business community; * widespread concerns about property values and insurance; * losses of agricultural crops and livestock; * impact on County Council Social Services provision due to the loss of day centres and buses; * long term damage to road surfaces, and widespread blockage of highways drainage systems; * impact on Lewes District Councilââ¬â¢s housing provision due to temporary re-accommodation of flood victims; * disruption to the Fire Brigade and Ambulance Service due to the temporary loss of several of their buildings, including their control centres, and loss of vehicles; * in Lewes, 118 Listed Buildings and 230 other ââ¬Ëtraditionalââ¬â¢ buildings within the Conservation Area were damaged, requiring specialist repair; * long term needs for emotional support amongst some. This means that the upper and middle sections of the catchments become quickly saturated following heavy rainfall. During wet periods a large proportion of the rainfall will quickly run-off into the river system rather than drain through the ground, and this effect is exacerbated by the hilly nature of the upper parts of the catchment. * increasing the amount and rate of surface water run-off, thereby increasing flows; * reducing the area available for flood storage, thereby increasing peak levels; * reducing the area available for flood flow conveyance, thereby increasing peak levels, contributing to rapid inundation and high flood velocities, and extending the period of flooding. * River flows were increasing very rapidly at this time and continued to do so for several hours after the flood defences were overtopped. * The upstream flood storage areas were already ââ¬Ëfullââ¬â¢ so that the majority of the flood flows passed straight downstream to Lewes with little attenuation. * Once overtopped, the flood defences acted like weirs allowing large volumes of water to pass over them in a short space of time, rapidly filling the low lying areas behind them, with high velocities being witnessed where flows were channelled through narrow gaps. * The natural narrowing flood plain as it approaches Lewes, together with the artificial obstructions across its path in Lewes (Phoenix Causeway, Mayhew Way, Cliffe High Street shops) severely reduces the ability of the flood plain through Lewes to convey flood waters, causing levels to rise higher still. *à It is an obvious point, but maybe worth stating, that the 12th October 2000 flood inundated the floodplain ââ¬â so named for a good reason. The devastating impact of the flood was because large numbers of properties have over the years been built on the floodplain, and although artificial flood defences or river improvement works have protected those properties from more frequent flooding events, all property constructed on the flood plain is at risk of flooding occasionally. The Environment Agencyââ¬â¢s Flood Warning slogan of ââ¬Å"You cannot prevent flooding, you can only prepare for itâ⬠. The existing flood defences were overwhelmed by the 12th October 2000 flood flows and it may be possible to justify future improvements to raise the current standards of defence to protect against an event of similar magnitude. A number of options are likely to be considered in the forthcoming Catchment Strategy Plan being commissioned by the Environment Agency. However, given the extreme severity of 12th October 2000 event, and the nature of the long-standing government rules and arrangements for project appraisal and flood defence funding, we do not believe that it is reasonable to assume that they should already have been of such a standard. Nevertheless we believe that there are a number of important issues relating to the existing flood defences in Lewes which need to be urgently addressed, in particular the apparently poor condition of many of the river walls through the town, and the long term settlement in the upstream flood embankments. The floodwalls were breached or damaged in at least 8 locations through the town, and the sudden failure of the river wall at Phoenix Industrial Estate is particularly worrying. The flooding took many residents by surprise, and it is clear that the Environment Agency and a significant number of affected residents have very different perceptions about the performance of the flood warning system. This is partly an issue of communication and education. We believe that it is important that the Environment Agency vigorously continues its efforts to educate local residents, and that it is explicit about its actual responsibilities and capabilities. With the benefit of hindsight, we also believe that a number of important improvements in the flood warning and forecasting service can be identified, and should be undertaken. These would not have had any impact on the extent, speed or depth of the actual flooding, but they may have meant that for many, vehicles, stock, or precious personal possessions might have been saved. How to cite A case study of the UK flooding: the river Uck, East Sussex, October 2000, Free Case study samples Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-33715387633117504182020-04-28T10:24:00.001-07:002020-04-28T10:24:04.215-07:00Personal Narrative The Diagnosis Essay ExamplePersonal Narrative The Diagnosis Essay Its been 10 long months of having restless nights and going back and forth to the hospital.I remember walking into Smilow Cancer hospital for the first time. I didnt know what to expect really.I just thought that it would be a depressing place, but its not. All the patients are so positive and full of joy.At the time I didnt understand why, but now I do.It was because they made it through one more day, and beat cancer before it beat them. December 22, 2013.I was in the medical transportation with my grandmother ( I call her Nana) heading back home.I got a room call from where we had just left.It was my mother. She said that there was something wrong with her and to write something down but she had no idea what it was because he was just walking around and finishing up her Christmas shopping!The driver noticed my urgency and handed me the note pad. I did t know what was going on, but at the same it, I knew. I knew that my mom was ill form the start. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Narrative The Diagnosis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Narrative The Diagnosis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Narrative The Diagnosis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I even did some research about two weeks before.Her thyroids were inflamed, she was weak and always drowsy, run down. I know what your thinking, YOU CANT ALWAYS TRUST THE INTERNET. Like my father says.Now, Im no doctorbut cancer is far too familiar with my family. December 23,2013. I was just at my dads house celebrating Christmas because my mom was in the hospital he was willing to switch the visitation time so I can be with her for Christmas.Me, still not knowing exactly whats wrong, just thought that he was overreacting, but it was nice of him.As I was walking down the hall making my way to her room, the smells gave me flashbacks of when my grandmother used to be at the hospital all the time because of her series of mini strokes (Ive lost count). The general smell was that powder for the gloves that the doctors and nurses put on and clean sweat There really isnt any other way to describe it. I came to room 204 that displayed my moms name. I to Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-45017397977816706922020-03-20T00:35:00.001-07:002020-03-20T00:35:02.515-07:00Man was born free and is everywhere in chains Essay ExampleMan was born free and is everywhere in chains Essay Example Man was born free and is everywhere in chains Paper Man was born free and is everywhere in chains Paper p. 29. 9 Ibid, p. 33. 10 Alexis de Tocqueville, The old Regime and the French revolution (New York: Double Day Anchor Books, 1955), p. 69. (original published 1856, publisher unknown) 11 Cited in Carter, p. 41. 12 Cited in Andrew Heywood, Modern Political Ideologies (London: Macmillan Press, 1992), p. 127. 13 Richard Sylvan, Anarchism in Goodin, Robert, Philip Pettit (ed. ), A companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy (Cambridge: Basil Blackwell, 1993), pp. 215-242. 14 Andrew Heywood, Political Ideologies: An Introduction (London: Macmillan Press, 1992). p. 193. 15 George Growder, Classical Anarchism (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991). p. 191. 16 April Carter, p. 169. 17 David Miller, Anarchism, (London: J. M. Dent Sons Ltd, 1984), p. 171. 18 George Growder, Classical Anarchism, p. 192. 19 Ibid,. p. 193. 20 Norman, P. Barry, An intro to modern political theory, (London: Macmillan Press, 1981). p. 83. 21 John Passmore, The Perfectibility of Man (London: Duckworth, 1970), p. 189. 22 Andrew Heywood, Political Ideologies, p. 211. 23 Harold Barclay, People Without Government, p. 134. 24 David Morland, Anarchism, Human Nature and History, in Jon Purkis James Bowen (ed. ), Twenty-first Century Anarchism (London: Cassell Press, 2000), pp. 8-21. p. 21. 25 Goaman, Karen Mo Dodson. , A Subversive Current? : Contempory Anarchism Considered in Jon Purkis James Bowen (ed. ), Twenty-first Century Anarchism (London: Cassell Press, 2000), pp. 83-97. 26 Murray Bookchin, Anarchism, Marxism, and the Future of the Left (Edinburgh: A. K. Press, 1999). p. 154. 27 Andrew Heywood, p. 211. 28 David Miller, Anarchism, p. 183. Andrew Wallace/1592038/Dr. P. Bradshaw/Political Science/MAS2010. Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-78790131669493593922020-03-03T16:19:00.001-08:002020-03-03T16:19:02.548-08:00The History of Sao PauloThe History of Sao Paulo So Paulo, Brazil is the largest city in Latin America, edging out runner-up Mexico City by a couple of million inhabitants. It has a long and interesting history, including serving as home base for the infamous Bandeirantes. Foundation The first European settler in the area was Joo Ramalho, a Portuguese sailor who had been shipwrecked. He was the first to explore the area of present-day So Paulo. Like many cities in Brazil, So Paulo was founded by Jesuit Missionaries. So Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga was established in 1554 as a mission to convert Guains natives to Catholicism. In 1556-1557 the Jesuits built the first school in the region. The town was strategically located, being between the ocean and fertile lands to the west, and it is also on the Tietà ª River. It became an official city in 1711. Bandeirantes In the early years of So Paulo, it became the home base for the Bandeirantes, which were explorers, slavers, and prospectors who explored the interior of Brazil. In this remote corner of the Portuguese Empire, there was no law, so ruthless men would explore the uncharted swamps, mountains and rivers of Brazil taking whatever they wanted, be it native slaves, precious metals or stones. Some of the more ruthless Bandeirantes, such as Antonio Rapà ´so Tavares (1598-1658), would even sack and burn Jesuit missions and enslave the natives who lived there. The Bandeirantes explored a great deal of the Brazilian interior, but at a high cost: thousands, if not millions of natives, were killed and enslaved in their raids.ââ¬â¹Ã¢â¬â¹ Gold and Sugar Gold was discovered in the state of Minas Gerais at the end of the seventeenth century, and subsequent explorations discovered precious stones there as well. The gold boom was felt in So Paulo, which was a gateway to Minas Gerais. Some of the profits were invested in sugarcane plantations, which were quite profitable for a time. Coffee and Immigration Coffee was introduced to Brazil in 1727 and has been a crucial part of the Brazilian economy ever since. So Paulo was one of the first cities to benefit from the coffee boom, becoming a center for coffee commerce in the nineteenth century. The coffee boom attracted So Pauloââ¬â¢s first major wave of foreign immigrants after 1860, mostly poor Europeans (particularly Italians, Germans, and Greeks) seeking work, although they were soon followed by a number of Japanese, Arabs, Chinese, and Koreans. When slavery was outlawed in 1888, the need for workers only grew. So Pauloââ¬â¢s considerable Jewish community also was established around this time. By the time the coffee boom fizzled in the early 1900s, the city had already branched out into other industries. Independence So Paulo was important in the Brazilian independence movement. The Portuguese Royal Family had moved to Brazil in 1807, fleeing Napoleonââ¬â¢s armies, establishing a royal court from which they ruled Portugal (at least theoretically: in reality, Portugal was ruled by Napoleon) as well as Brazil and other Portuguese holdings. The Royal family moved back to Portugal in 1821 after the defeat of Napoleon, leaving eldest son Pedro in charge of Brazil. The Brazilians were soon angered by their return to colony status, and Pedro agreed with them. On September 7, 1822, in So Paulo, he declared Brazil independent and himself Emperor. Turn of the Century Between the coffee boom and wealth coming from mines in the interior of the country, So Paulo soon became the richest city and province in the nation. Railroads were built, connecting it to the other important cities. By the turn of the century, important industries were making their base in So Paulo, and the immigrants kept pouring in. By then, So Paulo was attracting immigrants not only from Europe and Asia but from within Brazil as well: poor, uneducated workers from the Brazilian northeast flooded into So Paulo looking for work. The 1950s So Paulo benefited greatly from the industrialization initiatives developed during the administration of Juscelino Kubitschek (1956-1961). During his time, the automotive industry grew, and it was centered in So Paulo. One of the workers in the factories in the 1960s and 1970s was none other than Luiz Incio Lula da Silva, who would go on to become president. So Paulo continued to grow, both in terms of population and influence. So Paulo also became the most important city for business and commerce in Brazil. So Paulo Today So Paulo has matured into a culturally diverse city, powerful economically and politically. It continues to be the most important city in Brazil for business and industry and lately has been discovering itself culturally and artistically as well. It has always been on the cutting edge of art and literature and continues to be home to many artists and writers. It is an important city for music as well, as many popular musicians are from there. The people of So Paulo are proud of their multicultural roots: the immigrants who populated the city and worked in its factories are gone, but their descendants have kept their traditions and So Paulo is a very diverse city. Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-2958974133018068522020-02-16T07:45:00.001-08:002020-02-16T07:45:03.385-08:00Developing a Health Advocacy Campaign , Prostate Cancer Research PaperDeveloping a Health Advocacy Campaign , Prostate Cancer Funding - Senator Boxer introduced the Prostate and Mens Education Act, - Research Paper Example The cause of prostate cancer is not clearly understood, but researchers argue that issues like race, family and age are beyond onesââ¬â¢ control. But some risk factors like avoiding fatty foods can be avoided as one is advised to eat more fruits, unsaturated foods, whole grains and intake of less red meat. Some medication from well equipped health centers helps reduce the spread of the cancer in the body. Drugs like; finastede have shown to reduce the prostrate cancer risk (John, 2008). California population is the most affected with cancer cases with 1,277,200 people affected with different types of cancer. The state projects that in 2012, more than 144,800 new cases will occur. The patients with prostate cancer include 20,195 new cases that makes up to 28% and 3,085 deaths occurs. The survivors of prostate cancer are 240,200 that accounts for 42%. Although from 1988 to 2009, 11% reduction has been reported as mortality reduces by 23% (CCR, 2012). The advocacy that have been effective include the ââ¬Å"Us too advocacyâ⬠that uses the prostate cancer survivors and victims to spread the awareness creation. They give speeches in forums, hold door to door awareness creations and attended screening centers to help explain to the attendees the screening environment. The attributes that makes this advocacy campaign is that it involves survivors, volunteers and experts to spread the required awareness messages. The volunteers take their time to deliver the message of the benefits of early screening, explaining the screening environment to the people so that they attend the screening exercise and encouraging people the people to attend the screening centers. The other attribute makes this advocacy to be effective is the involvement of medical experts on comprehensive research and provision of a variety of advanced treatment (CCR, 2012). The other advocacy campaign that is effective is the ââ¬Å"Zero prostate cancerâ⬠Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-58293848627172463912020-02-02T18:12:00.001-08:002020-02-02T18:12:03.751-08:00Strategy and change management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 wordsStrategy and change management - Essay Example Therefore, several leading airlines have decided to merge with each other in order to reduce several business threats. Delta Airlines, Inc. and Northwest Airline Corp. in 2008 have proclaimed that they are going to merge with each other in order to create worldââ¬â¢s largest airline named Delta. . Due to merger, the flexibility to acclimatize to the economic challenges of Delta has increased. After the merger, Northwest Airline is the completely owned subsidiary of Delta. According to the market characteristic theory of low-cost airlines, it is feasible that low-cost airlines usually compete in such a market where the traveller density is high enough to develop the competitive advantages by offering rapid-return and time to time services. Lower fares usually results from the economies of traffic density. This type of economies of scale is one of the key features in the airline network model. Such strategic actions also bring certain non-price benefits also. Current trends towards the product differentiation seem to be one of the elements of competition. Due to such strategic actions the airline companies have increased incentive to correspond and improve customer service quality. Due to the economic down turn the company along with the whole airlines companies in Europe and America went through a tough phase. The competition has been intense regarding fares, services and routes. Also the company indulged in to a legal battle with the union airlines. A problem faced by the company has been the over dependence on the North-American market Merger and acquisition in airline industry is one of the interesting topics within the industry. The airline industry has experienced high disorder due to high operational cost and increasing price of petrol (Hackbarth and Miao, 2007, p.33). The study will reveal the effect of merger on the business performance of two leading airlines Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-21456696745853981912020-01-25T14:36:00.001-08:002020-01-25T14:36:06.862-08:00Cause And Treatments Of Typhoid Fever Infections Biology EssayCause And Treatments Of Typhoid Fever Infections Biology Essay The burden and rigourness of typhoid fever infections caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a substantial universal populace concern, particularly in developing countries (Demczuk, Finley, Nadon, Spencer, Gilmour NG, 2010). It is a systemic infection primarily involving the alimentary tract (Christopher, 2002). It has been found that humans are the only natural reservoirs of S. Typhi, with contagion occurring through consumption of faecally contaminated food and water (Corner Schwartz, 2005) or in other words, it occurs where there is substandard water supply and sanitation. It has been estimated by WHO that the annual global incidence of typhoid fever is at 0.3% (Demczuk et.,al, 2010). It has been estimated that annually 6, 00,000 deaths occur from enteric fever worldwide. S. Typhi infections may cause symptoms like bacteraemia, fever, headache, malaise, abdominal distress, diarrhoea and rose colored spots which contains the infecting organism (Chamberlain, 2006). Typhoid fever is preventable through vaccination prior to travelling to areas where typhoid is common and careful consumption of food. Treatment with appropriate antibiotics can also prevent complications. S.typhi first of all invades the alimentary canal by ingestion then via the lymphatic system and the thoracic duct into the stream of blood. This first septicaemic phase leads to infection of the reticulo-endothelial system and the gall bladder. When the infection of the gall bladder occurs, there is discharge of organisms into the intestine, with heavy infection of the Peyers patches and septicaemia- and the onset of symptoms (Sleigh Timbury, 1998). Most of the symptoms which are caused by S.typhi can be ascribed to the inflammation caused by its lipopolysaccharide as it does not have any specific known endotoxins. After an incubation period of 10-14 days, early symptoms like fever, headache and respiratory symptoms appear. Then, mild abdominal pain with either diarrhoea or constipation occurs. After that, fever increases in a stepwise fashion. Without treatment, the patient may eventually lapse into a stupor and the problem may persist for 4 to 6 weeks. A serious problem that is secondary invasion of the intestine from the gall bladder which can cause perforation of the intestine. In 15% of untreated cases, death may also occur. Typhoid fever can be diagnosed by the laboratory tests to find the bacteria in the blood or faeces of an infected person. Illness is usually characterized by fever, loss of appetite, lethargy and change in bowel habit. Constipation is common in the initial stages but diarrhea can also occur. The diagnosis of enteric fever relies on the isolation of S.typhi from the patient. Specimens include faeces, blood and urine. The culture used for blood and urine is MacConkey medium in which enrichment and the selective media are not necessary. Blood culture is positive in more than 80% of patients in the first week of illness. Faeces should also be cultured especially at 2-4 weeks after onset of symptoms, when seeding of the kidneys and secondary infection of the intestine occurs. For faeces, indicator medium is used for non-lactose-fermenting colonies and selective and enrichment media for others (Sleigh Timbury, 1998). Identification can be done by the Biochemical reactions (API test). In this test, unlike other salmonellae, S.typhi produces no gas on fermentation of sugars. In serological identification, first of all preliminary diagnosis with salmonella polyvalent H and O antisera is done and after that final identification is done from where it is send to the Reference Typing Laboratory. Phage typing is also useful in identifying the different types of S.typhi for epidemiological identification into the source of outbreaks. Serum antibodies to the organisms can be detected by an agglutination test known as Widal test, but positive results must be interpreted with care where past exposure or vaccination are possibility. A fourfold rise in titre between acute and covalescent sera is diagnostic. The salmonella bacterium resides in the human gut. The source of infection is the carriers or the cases that excrete the organism: excretion in faeces and less commonly in the urine. The infection continues for about two months after the acute illness. The route of infection is through the ingestion of water or food which is contaminated by sewage or via the hands of a carrier. Direct spread from case to case is rare. Only a small number of these bacteria can cause typhoid fever. This is the main reason that water-borne infection is common, despite the dilution of organisms. The following are High risk groups for developing Typhoid Fever: Travelers with individualistic lifestyle and those are intending prolonged travel to areas where there is typhoid fever. Former migrants from developing countries who are visiting their parent countries. Those with no acid or low acid concentrations in their stomach such as post surgery or with regular use of antacids and medication to reduce stomach acidity. Those with sever or ongoing disease may need particular advice about typhoid fever and where the intended travel is to be Travelers to the Indian Subcontinent Medical personnel, foreign aid workers and military personnel assigned in developing countries. Outbreaks of typhoid fever are often explosive- sometimes involving large number of people. There are two main types of outbreak: Water-borne: in which the organisms from the sewage acts as a carrier and pollutes the drinking water, e.g. the outbreaks in Croydon in 1937 and in Zermatt in 1963. Food- borne: in which food becomes contaminated via polluted water or via the hands of the carriers. Typhoid Mary, possibly most famous carrier, worked as a cook in USA and caused number of outbreaks. Tinned food may also become contagious during canning- the large outbreak in Aberdeen in 1964 was due to a tin containing corned beef which had been cooled in water contaminated by sewage; bacteria entered the can through tiny holes in the metal casing. Shellfish often grow in estuaries, where the water may be contaminated by sewage: if it is eaten uncooked they may cause infection. Milk or cream products, contaminated through the handling of the carriers, have caused outbreaks of typhoid fever. Other food products like meat, dried and frozen foods, dried coconut have also been responsible for infection. Antibiotics are a type of medication effective in treating infections caused by bacteria based on signs and symptoms. Oral treatment with chloramphenicol, ampicillin, cotrimoxazole or ciprofloxacin is generally effective and should be maintained for 14 days to reduce the possibility. But resistive strains to above antibiotics have also been reported, particularly on Indian subcontinent (Lee Bishop, 2010). For chronic carriers, long term therapy with ampicillin or ciprofloxacin may be effective but, if not, cholecystectomy (removal of gall bladder) may be warranted. Chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic antibiotic with wide spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram negative cocci and bacillus. It binds to the 50S subunit of the ribosome and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Ampicillin is a broad spectrum semi-synthetic derivative of aminopenicillin that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin binding proteins and inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis, a critical component of bacterial cell wall. Ciprofloxacin is a synthetic broad spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic which inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase, an enzyme essential for DNA replication. This agent is more active against Gram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive bacteria. It is very difficult to eradicate S.typhii from the gall bladder. Antibiotic treatment is effective in curing some carriers, but still to some extent the infection persists and they become long-term permanent carriers. Promising results have been given by ciprofloxacin. For the high risk groups, two effective typhoid vaccines: the oral live vaccine (Ty 21a) and the injectable Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine is highly recommended. The live attenuated vaccine Ty 21a is a strain of S.typhi. It is indicated for those who travel to or living in areas where typhoid is an endemic and where the health care staff is at risk. It is administered in enteric-coated capsules orally in three doses on alternate days. Some mild adverse reactions may also persist like nausea, vomiting etc. This vaccine is quiet efficient but may be less durable. The other type of vaccine is a classic type killed vaccine which has now been replaced by other preparations but still it is being widely used. It contains heat killed phenol preserved suspension of S.typhi. It is injected and two doses need to be consumed 4-6 weeks apart and booster doses need to be taken every 3 years. In consuming this, some local and general reactions are common which vanishes after 36 hr from the onse t. In New Zealand, the injectable Vi Polysaccharide vaccine (Vi antigen) is recommended for all adult children over the age of 2 years travelling to areas where there is questionable sanitation. It is known that children under the age of 2 years may show a sub-optimal response to polysaccharide antigen vaccine. It gives approximately 70% protection against the disease. There are two products available in New Zealand and Australia: Typherix (GlaxoSmithKline) and Typhim Vi (MSD [NZ] Ltd). They are interchangeable. The infection prevention and control team plays a vital role in preventing cross infection and prevention of hospital acquired infection. In order to ensure that infection is not caused, the surveillance team should keep highest level of vigilance in which phenomenon like proper aseptic techniques, hand hygiene practice should be followed. Furthermore, following preventive measures should be followed: Wash and dry hands thoroughly after using the toilet or changing nappies. Hands should be washed for 20 seconds and dried for a further 20 seconds using a clean cloth or disposable towel. Soiled clothing and linen should be washed with hot soapy water separately from that of other family members. Items such as face cloths and towels should be kept for personal use. A person with Typhoid infection should avoid preparing food for others in the family until they are no longer infectious. In households where a person is recovering from typhoid, toilet seats, flush handles, wash basin taps and toilet door handles should be disinfected daily using a hypochlorite based solution. Ideally the solution should be in contact with the surface of the object for at least à ½ hour. Drink bottled, purified or carbonated water for drinking and cleaning teeth. Make sure that bought bottled water is appropriately sealed; regular water (sea level) should be brought to boiling point for one minute before it is safe to drink. Avoid ice in drinks and remember that refreshing ice blocks and flavored ices may be made with contaminated water. Foods should be thoroughly cooked and served piping hot. Be very wary of food sold by street vendors. Avoid raw seafood and shellfish; even though they may have been preserved with vinegar, lemon or lime juice. Choose raw vegetables and fruits that a person can peel himself. Avoid salads unless they have been made by own. Do not forget to wash hands with soap or hand cleaner first and not to eat the peelings. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is also a significant activity which needs to be practiced. Moreover, as the economies of the developing countries grow the sanitary conditions of currently typhoid- endemic countries will improve. Due to that, number o f typhoid fever cases will lessen. However, in order to expedite the elimination of typhoid fever, Member States and WHO will strengthen their power for typhoid fever surveillance by improving laboratory-based surveillance. Intersectoral collaboration at both national and international levels will be essential if the disease needs to be controlled in endemic countries. In conclusion we have discussed in brief the organism- S.typhi, the laboratory diagnosis, its epidemiology, antibiotic treatment and finally the role of the infection control and prevention team in controlling the infection. Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-80467148955491126502020-01-17T11:00:00.001-08:002020-01-17T11:00:05.234-08:00Yoga for Eye SightThe great master Swami Vivekananda said that there are four main streams of yoga:Jnana Yoga, Raja Yoga, Bhakti Yoga and Karma Yoga. To use all these streams of yoga to build the personality. We are now going to focus on Eyesight Development or Eyesight Improvement. In late 60s the TV came afresh in Bangalore city and everybody was so fascinated, particularly the children glued themselves to TV forgetting all their sports outside. Went on watching 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours and movies after movies and as expected it started happening in 5 or 6 years, 1972-73 we started seeing most of these children wearing very thick glasses.We felt too bad. We said can we solve this problem? Many people said that we are not going to allow our children to watch the TV. That is no solution. This is when we started developing yoga module. The specialised techniques that yoga prescribes for eyesight improvement were selected from various yoga techniques. The precautions we have to take, norms tha t we have to follow were taken care. So we developed this module, iintegrated yoga module for eyesight improvement. We started giving that in Yoga Camps.One week camp, 15 days camp, one month camp and we started documenting the result whether really it is useful or not. The results were very fascinating. When we have an average of 1000 or 1500 sstudents, we have found that the eyesight can improve by one Diapter for short sight sstudents with a practice of every day half an hour for one month. This iintegrated yoga module can bring such wonderful results. Practice for half an hour every day for one month, one Diaptor is going to reduce. Yoga in Education for Total Personality Development SERIES ââ¬â 2 8 | Yoga for Eye Sight ImprovementWhen we continued children with -5, -6, -7 children were able to normalise their eyesight. Then we started taking up this. Initially we have short theory and then we go for the practice and what is the whole basis for the eyesight improvement that we are talking? Many people think that the accommodation power of the lens is going to change. No. It is Eye Ball Curvature. In short sight the image is falling too far in front of the Fovea. But why is that distortion taking place in the eye ball? This is because of the differential pull of the rectie muscles of the eye ball.So when we do yoga in which we handle the eye excercises to see that the muscles co-ordinate so cohesively that the eye ball starts becoming normal. How do we know it is going to become normal? One of our Opthalimic specialist Dr. Upadhyay in England, measured the eye ball curvature and after 15 days, after one month of yogic practices the eye ball curvature started getting normal. Such results prove that yoga brings in normalisation and it is these techniques that we have used. Trataka is the specialised practice that yoga prescribes. It is one of the six kriyas.Kriyas are essentially meant for clearnsing and to strengthen the nerves which connect the eyes to the brain which handles the different muscles and calming down of the mind, silencing of the mind, slowing down of the breath, does wonders. Therefore in this module we are going to use some Asanas, special breathing practices and mainly the Trataka and the meditation which help the people develop their eyesight. Yoga in Education for Total Personality Development SERIES ââ¬â 2 Yoga for Eye Sight ImprovementLet us try to understand the structure and functions of the eye so that we can go ahead to understand how Yoga works in improving our eyesight. We all have two eyes. A resting eye is designed for distant vision. Near work always involve lot of work on the small, little muscles of the eye. Each eye is comparable to a pholographic camera. Just like the camera has a diaphragm and an aperture, our eye also has a dark highly pigmented diaphragm called Iris. This Iris cuts off all the light from entering into the eye ball and in the centre of the diaphragm is the little transparen' t hole called the Pupil.The diaphragm is called the Iris, the apercher is called the pupil. Through this pupil only nature allows the light to pass through. What are the functions of a good camera? It should have a very good powerful lens so that it can have a very clear image at its focal point and it should be able to adjust very perfectly to the light conditions and also to the distance of the object from the film of the Yoga in Education for Total Personality Development SERIES ââ¬â 2 10 | Yoga for Eye Sight Improvement camera. Our eye although is comparable to a camera, is not having a shape of a camera. Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-13246993353501384852020-01-09T07:23:00.001-08:002020-01-09T07:23:03.604-08:00What Is an Oxidant Definition of Chemistry Terms An oxidant is a reactant that oxidizes or removes electrons from other reactants during a redox reaction. An oxidant may also be called an oxidizer orà oxidizing agent. When the oxidant includes oxygen, it may be called an oxygenation reagent or oxygen-atom transfer (OT) agent. How Oxidants Work An oxidant is a chemical species that removes one or more electrons from another reactant in a chemical reaction. In this context, any oxidizing agent in a redox reaction may be considered an oxidant. Here, the oxidant is the electron receptor, while the reducing agent is the electron donor. Some oxidants transfer electronegative atoms to a substrate. Usually, the electronegative atom is oxygen, but it can be another electronegative element or ion. Oxidant Examples While an oxidant technically doesnt require oxygen to remove electrons, most common oxidizers do contain the element. The halogens are an example of oxidants that dont contain oxygen. Oxidants participate in combustion, organic redox reactions, and more explosives. Examples of oxidants include: hydrogen peroxideozonenitric acidsulfuric acidoxygensodium perboratenitrous oxidepotassium nitratesodium bismuthatehypochlorite and household bleachhalogens such as Cl2 and F2 Oxidants As Dangerous Substances An oxidizing agent that can cause or aid combustion is considered a dangerous material. Not every oxidant is hazardous in this manner. For example, potassium dichromate is an oxidant, yet is not considered a dangerous substance in terms of transport. Oxidizing chemicals which are deemed hazardous are marked with a specific hazard symbol. The symbol features a ball and flames. Sources Connelly, N.G.; Geiger, W.E. (1996). Chemical Redox Agents for Organometallic Chemistry. Chemical Reviews. 96 (2): 877ââ¬â910. doi:10.1021/cr940053xSmith, Michael B.; March, Jerry (2007). Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure (6th ed.). New York: Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 978-0-471-72091-1. Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-71093513787635426412020-01-01T03:49:00.001-08:002020-01-01T03:49:03.527-08:005 Most Important Things You Can Do for the Environment If you feel youââ¬â¢re not doing enough for the environment by replacing your incandescent light bulbs with LED lights and composting your kitchen scraps, maybe youââ¬â¢re ready to make a deeper commitment to environmental stewardship. Some of these strategies may seem a little radical, but they are among the most valuable actions you can take to protect and preserve Earthââ¬â¢s environment. Have Fewer Childrenââ¬âOr None Overpopulation is arguably the worldââ¬â¢s most serious environmental problem because it exacerbates all of the others. The global population grew from 3 billion in 1959 to 6 billion in 1999, an increase of 100 percent in just 40 years. According to current projections, the world population will expand to 9 billion by 2040. This represents a slower growth rate than that of the last half of the 20th century, but it will nevertheless leave us with many more people to accommodate. Planet Earth is a closed system with limited resourcesââ¬âonly so much fresh water and clean air and only so many acres of land for growing food. As the world population grows, our finite resources must stretch to serve more and more people. At some point, that will no longer be possible. Some scientists believe we have already passed that point. Ultimately, we need to reverse this growth trend by gradually bringing the human population of our planet back down to a more manageable size. This means more people must decide to have fewer children. This may sound pretty simple on the surface, but the drive to reproduce is fundamental in all species. The decision to limit or forgo the experience is a difficult one for many people because of emotional, cultural, and religious traditions and pressures. In many developing countries, large families can be a matter of survival. Parents often have as many children as possible to ensure that some will live to help with farming or other work and to care for the parents when they are old. For people in cultures like these, lower birth rates will only come after other serious issues such as poverty, hunger, poor sanitation, and freedom from disease have been adequately addressed. In addition to keeping your own family small, consider supporting programs that fight hunger and poverty, improve sanitation and hygiene, or promote education, family planning, and reproductive health in developing nations. Use Less Waterââ¬âAnd Keep It Clean Fresh, clean water is essential to lifeââ¬âno one can live long without itââ¬âyet it is one of the scarcest and most endangered resources in our increasingly fragile biosphere. Water covers more than 70 percent of the Earthââ¬â¢s surface, but most of that is salt water. Freshwater supplies are much more limited and today a third of the worldââ¬â¢s people lack access to clean drinking water. According to the United Nations, 95 percent of the cities worldwide still dump raw sewage into their water supplies. Not surprisingly, 80 percent of all illnesses in developing countries can be linked to unsanitary water. Especially if you live in a dry climate, you should use only as much water as you need, avoid wasting the water used, and strive to protectà water supplies. Eat Responsibly Eating locally grown food supports local farmers and merchants in your own community as well as reducing the amount of fuel, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions required to move the food you eat from the farm to your table. Eating organic meat and produce keeps pesticides and chemical fertilizers off your plate and out of rivers and streams. Eating responsibly also means eating less meat and fewer animal products such as eggs and dairy products, or perhaps none at all. Eating less meat is a matter of good stewardship of our finite resources. Farm animals emit methane, a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming, and raising animals for food requires many times more land and water than growing food crops. Livestock now uses 30 percent of the planetââ¬â¢s land surface, including 33 percent of farmland worldwide, which is used to produce animal feed. Every time you sit down to a plant-based meal instead of an animal-based meal, you save about 280 gallons of water and protect anywhere from 12 to 50 square feet of land from deforestation, overgrazing, and pesticide and fertilizer pollution. Conserve Energyââ¬âAnd Switch to Renewable Energy Walk, bike, and use public transportation more. Drive less. Not only will you be healthier and help to preserve precious energy resources, but youââ¬â¢ll also save money. According to a study by the American Public Transportation Association, families that use public transportation can reduce their household expenses by $6,200 annually, more than the average U.S. household spends on food every year. There are dozens of other ways you can conserve energy. You can turn off lights and unplug appliances when they are not in use and substitute cold water for hot whenever practical. Other small steps you can take include weather stripping your doors and windows and not overheating or overcooling your home and office. (An added bonus is that a good office temperature also boosts productivity.) One way to start is to get a free energy audit from your local utility. Whenever possible, choose renewable energy over fossil fuels. For example, many municipal utilities now offer green energy alternatives so that you can get some or all of your electricity from wind, solar, or other renewable energy sources. Reduce Your Carbon Footprint Many human activitiesââ¬âfrom using coal-fired power plants to generate electricity to driving gasoline-powered vehiclesââ¬âcause greenhouse gas emissions that heat the atmosphere and contribute to climate change. Scientists are already seeing significant climate changes that point to the likelihood of serious consequences. Some scenarios foresee increasing drought that could further reduce food and water supplies and, at the same time, rising sea levels that will submerge islands and coastal regions and create millions of environmental refugees. Online calculators can help you measure and reduce your personal carbon footprint, but climate change is a global problem that requires global solutions and, so far, the worldââ¬â¢s nations have been slow to find common ground on this issue. In addition to lowering your own carbon footprint, let your government officials know that you expect them to take action on this issueââ¬âand keep the pressure on until they do. Edited by Frederic Beaudry Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-5962839971491290122019-12-23T23:35:00.001-08:002019-12-23T23:35:02.958-08:00Friendship Essay - 1412 Words Friends quot;Friends have a unique loyalty to one another. This loyalty comes not through a sense of duty in the way one may show loyalty to family, kinsfolk or country. Theirs is born out of love, trust and respect. Nurtured on care and understanding. A perfect loyalty that will survive every hardship and endure the rigorous test of time.quot; --Stuart and Linda Macfarlane-- The Love Between Friends, a Helen Exley gift book Friends, some are just acquaintances, others I truly care about. A select few of my friends have become like brothers and sisters. The brother and sister types are the best. A certain type of closeness develops amongst us as if weââ¬â¢ve grown up together. At times we may fight as if we hate each other but we knowâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Police reports were filed. We were questioned and then accused of lying quot;to cover up his raping mequot;. He and I were never told this directly but at the time we were minors so they spoke with our parents privately. Our parents were told that he and I were lying and we were trying to cover up the fact that he had raped me or at least tried to. Obviously, that wasnââ¬â¢t true. We finished with all of the police reports around 3 in the morning but he stayed with me that night because I was still scared. He was there for me regardless of the accusations; which he didnââ¬â¢t take lightly by any means. The inspiration for this paper actually came from he and I chasing each other around the house play fighting. I ran into my room and locked the door to get away from him, and the idea for this paper hit me. This may sound childish, but I guess horsing around and acting like eight year olds is what brothers do to torment sisters, or at least with me. My ââ¬Å"sisterâ⬠throughout high school would have definitely been Ashley. She and I first started talking when I had to tutor her in English, blind leading the blind, but thatââ¬â¢s a different story. We became friends after that, and we just started hanging at each otherââ¬â¢s houses on the weekends. She became like another daughter at my house. When my mom would fix dinner on the weekends, it was just a given that Ashley needed a place set for her too. At one point when I tried to run away (that lastedShow MoreRelatedFriendships : Friendships And Friendships896 Words à |à 4 PagesFriendships Marlene Dietrich once said, ââ¬Å"It is the friends that you can call at four a.m. that matter.â⬠There are many different types of friendships. Casual friendships, opposite-sex friendships, and long term friendships are all examples of the different and common types of friendships used today. Casual friends are those you can text and hangout with every once in a while, without any sort of attachment. 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It is not so much the number of friends that is important as is the possession of friends, period. à à Friendship is a blessing, and a friend is the channel through whom great emotional, spiritualRead MoreFriendship869 Words à |à 4 Pagesï » ¿Friendship is a relationship that all the individuals can create by themselves. Though it is not a god gifted relationship like that of the relationship of a mother, father, sister, brother or any of the other family but still it is one of the best relations an individual can possess. People who have true friends consider themselves as the luckiest individuals on earth. ââ¬Å"Friendship is unnecessary, like philosophy, like artâ⬠¦ It has no survival value; rather it is one of those things that give value Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-73467186848378246472019-12-15T20:03:00.001-08:002019-12-15T20:03:05.227-08:00Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays COPD is common worldwide contributes to major disablement every bit good as economic and societal load. More than 30 million Americans have COPD. Deaths from COPD numbered 118,774 in 2001. We will write a custom essay sample on Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It remain 4th taking cause of decease in united provinces. Over the past 20 old ages their decease rate has increased about three creases. 20.1 Per 100,000 in 1980. 56.7 Per 100,000 in 2000. COPD likely highest in England when comparison to the remainder of Europe, particularly in the major Centres of industry. Approximately 5 % of population in Sweden have jobs caused from COPD disease. 35000 sweds is annually placed into infirmary for intervention for heavy external respiration job caused by COPD. In Sweden approximately 2000 individual died of COPD disease annually. PHYSIOTHERAPY IN COPD Physiotherapy is frequently required to assist clear secernment and cut down work of external respiration, including non invasive airing to forestall cannulation. Physiotherapy must therefore include educating the patient and household about Restoration and care of exercising tolerance and self direction. Physiotherapy is hence best provided in the signifier of pneumonic rehabilitation. To live over any bronchospasm and ease the remotion of secernments. To better the form of external respiration, take a breathing control and control of dyspnea. To learn local relaxation, better position and aid still fright and anxiousness. To increase the cognition of the patient about lung status and control of the symptoms. Improve exercising tolerance and guarantee a long term committedness to exercisings. To cut down the perceptual experience of shortness of breath. To better the functional capacity. To cut down the degree of anxiousness for physical activity. Effects OF CHEST WALL STRETCHING IN COPD Chest wall musculuss stretching techniques increases critical capacity and scope of gesture. Keeping respiratory musculus map of critical importance for the respiratory system. The stretching of musculus fibers promotes consecutive addition in the figure of sarcomeres. Increase the volume of the splanchnic mass, inappropriate position, respiratory disease, and musculus failing and aging. Muscle stretching technique addition flexibleness and hurts. Prevent the musculus from responding sufficient extremum tenseness, which evolves to muscle failing, abjuration. Need For The Study Although intercessions to change by reversal failing in peripheral musculuss, are in common usage, secondary postural malformations can happen in response to hyper rising prices and increased work of take a breathing in COPD patients. Postural alterations can include elevated, protracted or abducted shoulder blade with medially rotated humerus and crookback spinal malformations. Since, hyper rising prices of the thorax, topographic points pectoralis major musculus in a sawed-off place it increases the opposition of chest wall to spread out, farther increasing the work of external respiration. The intent of this survey was aimed at stretching the shortened pectoral muscle major musculuss utilizing the clasp relax PNF technique and integrating pectoral mobility exercises to change by reversal the alterations in the chest wall following COPD. Hypothesis Null hypothesis There is no important difference in the dyspnea degree and shoulder horizontal extension following hold relax technique and pectoral mobility exercisings. Alternate hypothesis There is important difference in the dyspnea degree and shoulder horizontal extensions following clasp relax technique and pectoral mobility exercisings. CHAPTER ââ¬â Two REVIEW OF LITERATURE Kimm ( 1987 ) Respiratory musculuss stretching better airing and tissue oxygenation improves the activity of day-to-day life and quality of life. Kahisaki et al. , ( 1999 ) The elongation of the respiratory musculuss might better pectoral enlargement and lessening dyspnea in COPD patients. Hamer A, Mahler A, Daubensperh.1967 Respiratory musculus stretching may heighten respiratory musculus map and cut down dyspnea in diagnostic patients with mild COPD. Levso, Honvoh F 1982, Stretching exercisings are a good 1 for the COPD patients and showed to be better the quality of life of patients. Magadle R, Mc Connel AX, Beckerman M, Inspiratory musculus preparation provides extra benefits to patients undergoing pneumonic rehabilitation plan. Moore AJ, StubbingsA, 2006, Concluded that COPD consequences non merely alteration in musculus fiber type distribution, but in a structural alteration in the titin molecule in all musculus fibre type with in the stop. M.Estenne, PA Gevenois, W Kinner In many patients with chronic failing of the respiratory muscles the cut down the lung distensability does non look to be caused by microatelectasis, it might be related to changes in snap of the lung tissues. Hideko minoguchi, Hirotaka Tanaka Respiratory musculus stretch may hold clinically important benefits, which may be slightly different from the benefit of inspiratory musculus preparation, in patients with COPD. M.Jeffy mador, MD, Omar Deniz MD The endurance of the respiratory musculuss can be improved by specific developing beyond that achieved by endurance developing entirely in patients with COPD. Eleine Paulin, Antonio ternando Bruneto 2003. Our consequences suggest that exercises aimed that pectoral enlargement better thoracic enlargement, quality of life bombers maximum exercising capacity, every bit good as cut down dyspnea and depression in COPD patients. PJ Wijkstra, EM tenvergart R, new wave Altena This survey is first show the rehabilitation at place for three months followed by one time monthly physical therapy Sessionss improve quality of life over 18 months ; the alteration in quality of life was non associated with a alteration in exercising tolerance. Havver A, Mahler DA 1989 Target inspiratory musculus stretching may heighten respiratory musculus map and cut down dyspnea in diagnostic patients with COPD. Camargo CA, Clarks Kenney PA. Additions slow critical capacity significantly correlated with dyspnoea betterment among exigency section patients with COPD. Montaldo et al. , 2000 The greater pectoral enlargement might better the length tenseness ratio of the respiratory muscles diminish the sensory nerve stimulation for cardinal respiratory control and cut down dyspnea. Teddoro montemayor et al. , 2006 Suggested that a simple place based plan of exercising preparation achieved betterment is exercise tolerance, station attempt dyspnea, and quality of life in COPD patients. Mario grassi MD, marica pecis 2009 A disease oriented place attention plan is effectual in cut downing mortality in COPD patients. Manuel gimenz, Pedro vergara 2000 A maximally intense stretching exercising plan can be created for most COPD patients that can significantly better respiratory musculus strength and endurance. Denna swart out-corbeil R.N, Davison A.M 2006 Physical exercising is designed to better respiratory efficiency promote, enlargement of lung and, chest, beef up the respiratory musculus and assist the patient breath more freely and to acquire more O into the organic structure. American physiological society 2006 The physical exercising improves respiratory take a breathing capacity by increasing chest wall enlargement and forced expiratory lung volume, bole mobility improves the chest wall map and relieves dyspneas. Putt MT, Watson M, seale H, The clasp and loosen up techniques produce short term benefits in patients with COPD. CHAPTER ââ¬â Three MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY Study design A individual group pre test- station trial experimental survey design. 3.2 Study puting Department of pulmonology, K.G.Hospital, Coimbatore-18. 3.3 Study continuance Study was conducted for a period of three months ( 12 hebdomads ) . 3.4 Sampling Simple random sampling. 3.5 Subjects A sum of 15 patients diagnosed with mild COPD by the clinical doctor go toing the outpatient Department of Pulmonology of K.G.Hospital were selected indiscriminately for the survey. 3.6 Criteria for choice Inclusive standards Patients classified as holding mild COPD by the doctors were taken for the survey. Ability to execute exercisings. Both sexes. Patient in age group between 35-45 old ages. Exclusive standards Patients with any associated jobs of COPD Recent acute aggravation of disease Conditionss that contraindicate the application of clasp and loosen up techniques. Secondary musculoskeletal upsets. Recent breaks or hurt to the ribs, collarbone or upper limb. Perennial subluxation or disruption of either shoulder. Inability to execute isometric contraction. Connective tissue upset Ischemic bosom diseases Uncontrolled hyper tenseness Moderate to severe osteoporosis Extra conditions curtailing chest enlargement ( e.g. Obesity, terrible scoliosis, ancylosing spondylitis ) Systemic disease musculuss and articulations ( e.g. Rheumatoid arthritis ) Extremist mastectomy with remotion of the pectoral muscle major musculus. Recent thorax or abdominal surgery. 3.7 Variables Independent variables Hold and loosen up technique Thoracic mobility exercisings Dependent variables Shoulder horizontal extension Rate of perceived effort 3.8 Tools Goniometer Borg ââ¬Ës graduated table 3.9. Procedure Before the intervention all the topics were explained about the survey process and intervention to be applied. They were asked to inform if they had any uncomfortableness during the class of intervention. The patients were explained and show about the clasp relax technique and pectoral mobility exercisings which they had to execute. The pre trial shoulder horizontal extension and rate perceived effort steps were taken, after which the group was asked to execute hold relax technique and pectoral mobility exercising for a continuance of 6 hebdomads, after which shoulder horizontal extension and dyspnea was assessed utilizing Goniometer and Borg ââ¬Ës graduated table severally. At the terminal of the 12th hebdomad the degree of dyspnea was found to be decreased with an addition in shoulder horizontal extension motion. 3.10. Stastical tools Paired ââ¬Ët ââ¬Ë Trial Pairedââ¬â¢t ââ¬Ë trial was used to compare the pre Vs station A ; post Vs station trial values of both the groups. vitamin D = difference between pre trial V station trial vitamin D = mean difference n = entire figure of topics s = criterion divergence Unpaired ââ¬Ët ââ¬Ë Trial This was used to analyse the significance between experimental and control groups. Where, S = Standard divergence = Mean of control groups = Mean of experimental group n1 = Number of topics in control groups n2 = Number of topics in experimental group Chapter ââ¬â Four DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION Shoulder Horizontal Extension Movement TABLE ââ¬â I Paired ââ¬Ët ââ¬Ë Trials Shows the mean, average difference, standard divergence and pairedââ¬â¢t ââ¬Ë values between pre trial and station trial values. S.NO Trial Mean Mendelevium South dakota ââ¬Ët ââ¬Ë Valuess Pre Test 18.6 11 2.80 16.6 Post Test 30.6 The above tabular array I shows the analysis of pre trial and station trial values. The mated t-test value is ( 16.6 ) which is greater than the tabulated t-value ( =2.145 ) at 5 % degree of significance. This shows that there is a important difference between the values. Dyspnea TABLE ââ¬â Two Paired ââ¬Ët ââ¬Ë trials Shows the mean, average difference, standard divergence and pairedââ¬â¢t ââ¬Ë values between pre trial and station trial values. S.NO Trial Mean Mendelevium South dakota ââ¬Ët ââ¬Ë Valuess PRE Trial 16.6 1.67 2.31 10.2 POST Trial 10.5 The above tabular array II shows the analysis of pre trial and station trial values. The mated t-test value is ( 10.2 ) which is greater than the tabulated t-value ( =2.145 ) at 5 % degree of significance. This shows that there is a important difference between the values. GRAPH ââ¬â I SHOULDER HORIZONTAL EXTENSION MOVEMENT COMPARISON OF PRE TEST AND POST TEST VALUES Shoulder Horizontal Extension Movement GRAPH ââ¬â Two Dyspnea COMPARISON OF PRE TEST AND POST TEST VALUES Dyspnea Chapter ââ¬â Volt Discussion Purpose of this survey was to bespeak that a hold relax technique specifically to the pectoral muscle major musculus is capable of increasing the result steps which are shoulder horizontal extension scope of gesture ( there by a little addition in critical capacity ) and cut down dyspnea in COPD patients. Previous surveies have found that a hold relax technique in normal topics can bring forth statically important increased hemodynamic viz. , systolic and diastolic blood force per unit area, as rate of perceived effort, respiratory rate, SaO2 were non adversely affected in any topics after intercession, this implies that the intervention is a safe method of intervention in chronic respiratory patients. The active method of intervention included in this survey appears to be safe and effectual in chronic respiratory patients. As adaptative shortening and stiffness around the upper limb musculus quadrant addition chest wall opposition and work of take a breathing. A method of change by reversaling these alterations of import to include a direction program for these patients. ( Arch phys med rehabilitation, vol 89, June 2008 ) . 15 topics with COPD were indiscriminately selected as a individual group who underwent hold relax technique of the pectoral muscle major and pectoral mobility exercisings, following 12 hebdomads of survey continuance and there was a important betterment of the result steps shoulder horizontal extension ( t 16.6 ) and dyspnea ( t 10.2 ) . Chapter ââ¬â Six Decision This survey shows as important betterment in the dyspnea degree ( t=10.2 ) and shoulder horizontal extension ( t=16.6 ) in patients with mild COPD following hold relax technique and pectoral mobility exercisings. This provides considerable grounds that hold relax technique can better the restrictive constituent of COPD, Extensibility of the pectoral muscle major musculus and perchance get the better of some of the postural alterations of COPD. Chapter ââ¬â Seven LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Restriction Restriction of this survey is that FEV1, FVC were non measured in order to bespeak the badness of COPD in each topics. Demographic information was non taken into the survey. Recommendation Further survey should be done to larn more about how to change by reversal the secondary soft tissue effects of chronic respiratory disease. Chapter ââ¬â Eight How to cite Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-70817814675533671042019-12-07T16:47:00.001-08:002019-12-07T16:47:03.300-08:00Four Traditions of Geography free essay sample Four Tradition of Geography The Four Traditions of Geography has many different assumptions and aspects of geography; aspects ranging from basic mapping and geometry, to the impact on nature of humans and the processes of the earth itself. Geographers can study and explain their research by selecting a certain tradition that leads to many different fields of geography. ââ¬Å"There are four traditions whose identification provides an alternative to the competing monistic definitions that have been a geographerââ¬â¢s lotâ⬠(Pattison 1964). The following discussion treats the traditions in this order: (1) a spatial tradition, (2) an area studies tradition, (3) a man-land tradition and (4) an earth science traditionâ⬠(Pattison 1964). Pattison is exploring all the categories of geography and he is explaining how these different traditions can uncover the meanings of different studies of geography. ââ¬Å"Going further one can uncover the meanings of ââ¬Å"systematic geogra phy,â⬠ââ¬Å"regional geography,â⬠ââ¬Å"urban geography,â⬠ââ¬Å"industrial geography,â⬠etc. â⬠(Pattison 1964). Spatial tradition is an area of concentration that relies on geometry and movement. We will write a custom essay sample on Four Traditions of Geography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It also is the study of mapping as seen in the ancient Greece recordings of such, and it also deals with the GIS system. GIS is any system that captures, stores, analyzes, manages, and presents data that are linked to a location. It explores the central place theory and how it is used in geography. Central place theory is the geography theory that seeks to explain the number, size and location of human settlements in an urban system. Area Studies, just like the spatial tradition it has roots from many, many years ago. The Greek philosopher, Strabo, wrote an encyclopedia about geographical knowledge. ââ¬Å"He is Strabo, celebrated for his Geography which is a massive production addressed to the statesmen of Augustan Rome and intended to sum up and regularize knowledge not of the location of places and associated cartographic facts, as in the somewhat later case of Ptolemy, but of the nature of places, their character and their differentiationâ⬠(Pattison 1964). The area-studies tradition was tended to be excluded from early American professional geography. Today, it is beset by certain champions of the spatial tradition who would have one believe that somehow the area studies way of organizing knowledge is only a subdepartment of spatialismâ⬠(Pattison 1964). It concentrates on the descriptions of regions in order to differentiate them from other regions and areas. Being able to understand geography in these terms can reveal the deepest knowledge of the worldââ¬â¢s environment. The Man-Land tradition describes the human impact in nature and also the impact of nature on humans, and it also defines the nature disasters our world takes on. Social Darwinism simply grabbed a theory from the biosciences and applied it to social happenings without the lengthy process of trial and error for social data which led to environmentalism. Environmentalism is a broad philosophy and social movement regarding concerns for environmental conservation and improvement of the environment. Man-Land gives us the basic perception on the environment and what is happening to it. The earth science tradition, embraces the study of the earth, the waters of the earth, and the atmosphere surrounding the earth and the association between the earth and the sunâ⬠(Pattison 1964). On two different hands of the topic, it is being used and then it is not being used. ââ¬Å"On one hand, it is not always elected as the best tradition as it has been decreasing in use from past decades, while on the other one knows that college departments rely substantially, for justification of their role in general education, upon curricular content springing directly from this traditionâ⬠(Pattison 1964). It also acknowledges the human impact on the planet but mainly focuses on the planet itself and its physical processes. Geology, mineralogy, paleontology, glaciology, and meteorology all have rooted out of these studies. From reading ââ¬Å"Four Traditions of Geographyâ⬠and ââ¬Å"In Search of Synthesis,â⬠Area Studies tradition is my personal preference on this matter. Gober talks about the many different specialties that lie in between human and physical geography, and I grasped that I am more of a physical, on-hands doing person. With human geography you study societies as a whole and I am more interested in urbanization of the earth and how we can use the land we have in a fashion that is basically perfect. I am interested in the different regions because I am really fascinated in real estate and I figure I would learn a whole lot about the physical aspect of geography. I feel that I could really excel in real estate with this kind of learning. The Four Traditions of Geography has different definitions and aspects of geography. With the information given, people are given the opportunity to understand what geography is all about and be able to break geography down and select a certain practice from the very selective topic. ââ¬Å"It is hoped that through a widened willingness to conceive of and discuss the field in terms of these traditions, geography will be better able to secure the inner unity and outer intelligibilityâ⬠(Pattison 1964). William D. Pattison, The Four Traditions of Geography, (1964). Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-27591233064618530492019-11-30T04:29:00.001-08:002019-11-30T04:29:05.188-08:00Stargirl Character Analysis Essay ExampleStargirl Character Analysis Paper Stargirl is a very eccentric character. We see that she acts very different compared to the other students. We see this at the basket ball match when she cheers the both teams. Even if the opponents score she cheers for them too. All the students conform and are not used to someone standing out of the crowd. People do not appreciate her for who she is. Her differences do not gain her any favors but make her life worse as others dont understand. She also act weirdly and this also makes her a target. Leo mentions that Stargirl cheered whenever the ball went into the basket, regardless which team shot it. He also mentions that she cheered anyone, anywhere, anytime. This shows how eccentric Stargirl is. She is very different and others dont appreciate her kind thoughts. She act like this because of her different background. Stargirls eccentric ways are looked down upon because everyone conforms. They do not see eccentric people as their own and thus she has a rough time alone. Stargirl is very extraordinary. We see this when she comes to mica high school or the first time. She wears different clothes that seem out of fashion, she sings happy birthday to everyone, Stargirl also has a pet rat named Cinnamon, she also plays the ukulele. People see her unusual behavior as a bad thing. She stands out from the crowd and is a constant target. Leo mentions that she wore and off white dress white ruffles and looked like it could have belong to Her grandmother. He also saysshe began to strum her uke, it was happy birthday. This shows her extraordinary side. She is different is nearly every aspect and is understood only by Leo who is the only one that appreciates her Different ways. Stargirl has extraordinary hobbies, fashion, actions and personality. Many people do not appreciate this but she enjoys being special. We will write a custom essay sample on Stargirl Character Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stargirl Character Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stargirl Character Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Stargirl is very empathetic. She cares for everyone and is very kind. She is very emotional and doesnt like anyone being Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-91769795495351688532019-11-26T00:28:00.001-08:002019-11-26T00:28:05.428-08:00South Korea Politics essaysSouth Korea Politics essays I believe that the Republic of Koreas (ROK) location is a paradox in that it is both advantageous and disadvantageous in their dealings with neighboring countries. The ROKs position at the center point of three major economic powers China, Japan and Russia - allows for excellent trade opportunities. It has also served to stimulate industrial, technological and agricultural markets across the ROK. Further, the ROK is poised, politically, to assume the traditional Confucian elder brother role to North Korea, should reunification come about. The disadvantage to this geographical positioning is that the ROK must increase its defense capability to ensure political and economic stability. Two of the four remaining Communist regimes surround the ROK and one former Marxist regime is within strategic striking distance. With the deployment of United States (US) forces to the Iraqi theater of operations and with the recent announcement of a withdrawal of 12,500 additional troops by Decemb er 2005, the ROK must be fully ready to assume an increasingly larger self-defense role. While the ROK has enjoyed, to a large part, the financial freedom to limit its defense spending an increase of 2.5%-3% against its gross national product will not devastate a now stable and growing economy. I tend to agree with the author that the Yi dynasty was in a downward spiral in the last two hundred years of its reign. Mr. Kim presents statistical information that is irrefutable. Even though the census numbers do not account for vagabonds, I refuse to believe that two-million people became wanderers during the 19th century alone. The only alternative explanation to the empires decline that follows a logical progression is the industrial revolution, which was sweeping the globe and making the world a smaller place. While Korea was an isolationistic monarchy it could not help but be affected by the world outside its b... Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-43442621028588430882019-11-22T07:51:00.001-08:002019-11-22T07:51:06.405-08:00Basketball Needs To Be Fixed Essay Research Basketball Needs To Be Fixed Essay, Research PaperBasketball Needs to Be FixedProfessional and college hoops have become really popular in the Black Marias and heads of many Americans. Millions of dollars a twelvemonth are spent on dress, tickets, and telecasting all generated by people # 8217 ; s love for hoops. But in the last twosome of old ages, both the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and college hoops have lost a significant sum of their competition and hold caught much criticizim for it. At the bosom of this job is a individual cause, greed. The game of hoops has become all about money alternatively of the game and its fans. This job needs to be addressed, and the best topographic point to get down is with the college participants, or more specifically, the NBA bill of exchange. The regulations and guidelines that pertain to the bill of exchange are greatly at mistake for the down slide of both college and NBA hoops and they need to be changed before the game down sli des into nil.The alterations that need to be made are simple, lowerclassmans should non be eligible for the NBA bill of exchange ; or in other words, if you have old ages of eligibility left, you should non be eligible to be drafted by an NBA squad. What jobs would this work out? The replyis most jobs in basketball today.First, college hoops has paid greatly by losing its most gifted participants to the NBA every bit many as three old ages early. This has resulted in non merely an overall decrease of the game, but in certain fortunes caused the ruin of one time great hoops plans. This is how it happens, colleges recruit participants based on what their demands are or what they will necessitate shortly in the hereafter. So let us state that one school has a great nucleus of sophomore and junior participants for an approaching season. The managers do non hold the demand or the room for many new top notch participants. So all of the top recruits find other schools to travel to. Then, a llow us state that the great nucleus of participants foliages for the NBA, go forthing the squad with mediocre participants and a atrocious season to look frontward to. By the following recruiting period comes about, the school # 8217 ; s repute has been hurt, and so has their opportunities of set downing the top recruits. This continues until the school # 8217 ; s one time proud hoops tradition is a thing of the yesteryear. This state of affairs is non merely conjectural, schools like UNLV, Georgetown, Seton Hall, and Houston have all gone through this procedure and now find themselves at the underside of the barrel.It is non merely the universities that early entry to the NBA injuries, the conference in general takes a immense blow. College hoops markets their squads after their best participants, when those participants decide to travel pro early, the publicity of college hoops is hurt ; along with the overall endowment degree of the conference is lowered drastically. Games bec omeless interesting because the participants are non as talented. This in bend hurts the telecasting webs because people do non like watching games in which they do non cognize who the participants are. And so, that in bend hurts the conference and the schools once more because the webs will non pay every bit much to telecast the games as they one time did.The schools and the conference are non the lone 1s hurt, by go forthing school early trusting to do the large vaulting horses the participants hurt themselves. In the universe that we live in today, if you do non hold a college grade, chances are limited. Look at the statistics, 60 participants are drafted each twelvemonth, and there are merely 360 roster musca volitanss in the full NBA. The opportunities that each participant drafted will do the squad is about an impossibleness. Some people go back to school and seek to complete their grades, but most do non because one time you give up your eligibility, you c annot acquire it back, with agencies most of them can non afford to travel back to school. This leaves a batch of people out of work and with no grade. By maintaining the college participants in school, most will accomplish their grade by the clip that they are ready for the NBA. The donee of the lowerclassmans being allow to go forth early would be the NBA right? It seems that manner, but that is non truly the instance. The job with outlining lowerclassmans is that they are non wholly matured yet, they have non yet received all of the accomplishments that they would necessitate to do the immediate impact that their squads expect them to do. These accomplishments include leading, duty, and adulthood ; these are the thingthat college is supposed to learn them, but by go forthing early they are non given all of the things that they need to be a success.Many of the new participants in the conference develop attitudes of bumptiousness or certitude because of their bill of exchange place or because of the 1000000s of dollars that they are being paid. Suspensions and mulcts for misconduct are at an all-time high in the NBA now and the biggest ground for it is the immature participants who have non been taught the regard and behavior that they need. This gives the N BA a bad name and is get downing to upset a batch of the veteran participants who have made the NBA what it is today.Another thing that the bill of exchange does is that it makes edifice or reconstructing a squad a entire gaming game. Beting 1000000s of dollars on a participant in their early mid-twentiess that squads have no thought if they will be any good, many squads are frequently incorrect and are stuck with a multimillion dollar investing that went rancid. This makes squads take old ages to develop their immature participants, and in the interim their record and fan attending and support go down the tubing. This besides hurts the Television webs because no 1 wants to see second-rate professional squads play, and so that turns about and hurts the squads and the conference because the webs pay less for telecasting rights.Money, is evidently the ground why lowerclassmans leave for the NBA early. If you were 22 old ages old, and person would pay you 90 million dollars to play a g ame that you love, would you drop out of college? The job with this is therising prices of participants wages. When participants are drafted immature, they demand to be paid what they want ; squads pay them 1000000s right out of college. This makes the seasoned participants covetous, and they ask for more money. Then when the following twelvemonth comes about, the form repeats itself, and it # 8217 ; s another downward spiral. That is how participants # 8217 ; wages have rose to absurd bounds. No 1 noticed the job while it was go oning, but now that it is a job there is no existent manner to repair it. In 1996, a cub salary cap was put into consequence by the NBA to set a bound on get downing wages, so some steps are being taken. This is a start, but it is non the reply to the job. If lowerclassmans were non allowed to come out early, high cub wages would non hold to be every bit high, and the participants would likely be more accepting of less money than most cubs are acquiring n ow, and this would assist work out the all-round money job in the NBA.Both the NBA and college hoops seem to be in a rut. And as stated before, they ground is the underclassmen go forthing school early to do money in the NBA. So what # 8217 ; s the solution? Easy, do non allow the college participants enter the NBA bill of exchange early. It would profit everyone in the hereafter. Of class there would be a transitional period, but the losingss would be short and the effects of the alteration would be apparent really rapidly. Let the game be played the manner it was meant to be played, for the competition and non for the money. Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-43122042868143211242019-11-20T21:38:00.001-08:002019-11-20T21:38:02.822-08:00The position of infrared in the world of photography EssayThe position of infrared in the world of photography - Essay Example Therefore, it is the focus of this essay to answer what extent is infrared photography an artistic endeavor? Specifically, to investigate the extent that photography is a central aspect of the artistic message or a gimmick used to enhance the photograph without artistic merit. Infrared photography emerged in the early 1900s as the Royal Photographic Society published the first infrared photographs in October 1910. The development of infrared film was actually done by the US government during World War I to improve haze penetration in aerial and night photography. Scientifically, infrared films capture the part of the spectrum that is beyond our visibility, called infrared light. The diagram shows the electromagnetic spectrum, infrared has a higher wavelength than visible light. The Electromagnetic Spectrum. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.antonine-education.co.uk/physics_gcse/Unit_1/Topic_5/em_spectrum.jpg The wavelength of infrared photography begins at 700 nanometers and ends at around 1000 nanometers, with visible light only between 390 to 740 nanometers of wavelength. This characteristic gives it the ability to capture images in the dark and create unique photographic effects and colors. Infrared photography really took off commercially in 1930, when the first infrared films were introduced and soon became very popular. Through time, infrared photograph established its irreplaceable place among the various styles of art photography and has continued its journey into the digital age. In investigating the research question, one of the greatest challenges is establishing a working definition of art. Philosophic investigations into the nature of art date to at least Greek antiquity, with Aristotleââ¬â¢s Poetics advancing the notion of mimesis as the central tenant of the art object. With social and technological progress came a change in the nature of artistic expression, such that during the Renaissance and Enlightenment periods the role of the artist cha nged from one of a craftsman to a Romantic notion of the artist as intellectual or genius. The 20th century experienced a shift from the Modernist to Post-Modernist era and witnessed revolutionary changes in the nature of art. Influenced by the scientific discoveries of Albert Einstein and Sigmund Freud, artists such as Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dali used art to explore these new intellectual paradigms of reality; Marcel Duchamp would even call into question the very nature of the art object. It is in this contemporary context that the notion of photography as art emerges. Perhaps the most seminal theorist in this regard was Susan Sontag, who in works such as Against Interpretation and On Photography formulated a number of aesthetic principles. Sontag argued that the nature of art is to capture that which is magical or irrational, and that art must be understood in terms of not only its meaning making content, but along with its formal elements as a comprehensive whole. While such a mode of understanding resists easy definition, for the context of this essay art is defined as the arrangement of formal style with content in a way to enact meaning through affecting the senses or emotions. Artistic photography affects the senses or emotions by selectively presenting aspects of our surroundings or objects in photographic form. Conversely, a gimmick is popularly understood as ââ¬Å"a unique or quirky special feature that makes something "stand out" from its contemporaries.â⬠1 In the case of photography, gimmick is simply the employment of a feature or effect to enhance the picture. While gimmicks meet the formal criteria, they lack the necessary elements of intention and meaning to be considered Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-49781377226514261142019-11-19T01:36:00.001-08:002019-11-19T01:36:02.890-08:00International Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2International Financial Management - Essay Example veral risks associated with the social, economical and political characters of the country, in which the investment is proposed to be made, as these will have a direct bearing on the growth and profitability of the firm concerned. Hence the firm should undertake a comprehensive analysis of all the related issues and decide on the investment. In the given instance the company JMC Plc is considering an investment proposal to produce and market sportswear in Egypt. This paper envisages presenting a detailed report on the country risk analysis of Egypt with respect to the proposed investment and also the economic arguments for and against the foreign direct investments from different standpoints. The purpose of the Country Risk Analysis report is to provide an in-depth critical information and analysis on the trade environment in the different countries. The risk factors associated with a country may be analysed in terms of its: ââ¬Å"The political environment is characterised by an extremelyà strong executive and many areas, such as interior, defence, and justice, are outside parliamentary review and control.â⬠Business Anti-Corruption Portal Though the government run by Hosni Mubarak appears to be stable, there is an all round inefficiency crept in the judicial and public service sectors. This shows a negative outlook for the proposed investment in the country. In general redundant labour has led to low marginal productivity. This has also caused overlapping job responsibilities which raises the cost of conducting the business to the producers and the investors. Business Anti- Corruption Portal reports ââ¬Å"Businesses are likely to encounter corruption in meetings with public offices, as officials in various government departments are known for bribery, embezzlement and tampering with official documents. On average, companies report to spend 8 % of sales on unofficialà payments to get things done.à For example, 27 % of companies claim that taxà inspectors expect gifts Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-35092446178225650462019-11-16T14:07:00.001-08:002019-11-16T14:07:04.606-08:00The Significance of Sarah Essay Example for Free The Significance of Sarah Essay The Significance of Sarah, Jimmy and Doalty Doalty, Sarah and Jimmy Jack Cassie have three main roles in Translations. Firstly, they represent those Irish people who will be left behind during the development of the country by the English. Secondly, they all contribute to the concluding scene and its outcome. And thirdly, they all in some way represent Ireland as a whole. Unlike Maire and Owen, none of these three characters has any desire to leave Baile Beag. When Jimmy Jack sets out on a spring morning in 1798 with Hugh to join the rebellion he, like Hugh, soon feels homesick and returns eagerly to where he feels he belongs And it was there in Phelans pub reminisces Hugh that we got homesick for Athens, just like Ulysses. The desiderium nostrorum the need for our own. Jimmy Jack, the peasant scholar, is a personification of a past, idealised Ireland when Ireland kept alive the light of learning during Europes Dark Ages. His filthy clothes, and shabby exterior are compensated for by the inner richness of his cultivated mind. Again he is like Ireland, materially poor but possessed of cultural wealth. Yolland appreciates both Jimmy Jacks knowledge and the different order of experience presented by Irish culture. For Jimmy Jack, the classics and everyday life are interwoven. For the lonely, ageing man, the gods of Greece and Rome move as easily around Baile Beag as they do around Ancient Rome and Athens. He even turns to the classics for practical tips on farming, telling Doalty that he should follow the advice given in Book Two of Virgils Georgics and give his upper field over to corn rather than potatoes. Although Jimmy Jack is obviously quite capable of learning English, as he has managed to learn the more complicated languages of Latin and Greek, he does not seem to want to learn English. His knowledge of English and England itself is minimal to him they are unimportant and lack poetry. It is possible that when speaking English became essential, he would not be ble to conform. As Hugh observes, Jimmy Jack sees himself as shaped by a mythological history, based in the classics, rather than real history that is affected by the here and now. The idea of fluency in English being necessary to progress, either as an individual or a country, is totally lost on him. In the final act of the play he seems to lose touch with reality informing Hugh of his engagement to the Gre ek goddess, the flashing-eyed Athene. His confusion of reality with mythology has become complete. And yet in his conversation with Maire in the same scene, he provides an insightful commentary on the plays action on marrying inside and outside the tribe. Although he is in fact talking about his supposed engagement to Pallas Athene, it seems to Maire and the audience as if he is warning Maire about her relationship with Yolland. Either marry outside the tribe and cause possible conflict, or be safe and marry inside the tribe i. e. Manus. And the word exogamein means to marry outside the tribe. And you dont cross those borders casually both sides get very angry. These sentiments would have been recognised by the modern Irish 1980 audience, as mixed marriages between Catholics and Protestants in Ireland can be problematic even today. The idea of not marrying outside the tribe can apply to childhood friendships and schools also you stick to your own kind. By contrast with Jimmy Jack, the Infant Prodigy, Doalty is quite a slow learner he struggles with the Latin and Greek that Hugh throws at him and his arithmetic is similarly painful. More than any of the other characters, he speaks in Irish slang and with a more common type of vocabulary and phrasing. Aul fella, the wee get aul eejit too lazy be Jases. Again, unlike Jimmy Jack, he is a man of action whose knowledge is limited to farming. He alone seems to worry about the cows going mad in the heat. In a way he almost a stereotype of the slow, thick Irish peasant. His name is pronounced Dolt-y, as Maire points out. He is also a mischief maker (taking the Sappers poles) and pote ntially confrontational (in the face of Lanceys threats of eviction, he declares he would put up a fight for his property, for what little he has). Although Doalty is shown as basically good-natured throughout the play, despite his boisterous behaviour, he has links with the Donnelly twins who may be associated with more serious acts against the English soldiers (the horses found at the bottom of the cliff, the disappearance of Yolland and the fire at the camp). Under certain circumstances we could imagine Doalty becoming less pleasant. In Act 3, Doalty clearly has knowledge of Yollands disappearance. He confesses to Owen that the Donnelly twins are most likely responsible, but he still acts suspiciously himself, whistling through his teeth and ignoring further questions. He tells Owen that Manus should never have left, implying that Manus has implicated himself in the crime by doing so, but plainly Doalty knows the truth. By his persistent concealment of what he knows about Yollands disappearance, Doalty is siding with the possibly murderous Donnelly twins and exposing Baile Beag to the soldiers retaliation. All that follows beyond the span of the play in terms of the destruction of the animals and the village is a consequence in part of Doaltys silence. Sarah is the least able to learn English and by implication therefore the least capable of moving on and embracing new ways as she has an obvious speech defect that is so bad that all her life she has been considered dumb. Her communication has been confined to grunts and nasal sounds, according to Friels opening description of her. At the beginning of the play she is learning to speak with Manuss assistance and can say her own name, opening up a whole new world of possibilities: Now were really started! Manus says to her. Nothingll stop us now! Nothing in the wide world! . But by the end, under Lanceys intimidation, she loses her newfound ability and the wider horizons and again becomes mute, despite Owens encouragement to speak, and is forced once again to communicate in a sign language that is not always understood. Even though Owen tries to kindly reassure her He frightened you. Thats alls wrong. Sarah herself knows to the contrary. Without Manus to support and guide her, she cannot hold on to her new ability to communicate. However, while she could speak we must assume that she gave vital information to Manus: the embrace she witnessed between Yolland and Maire. This leads to the implication of Manus in Yollands disappearance I had a stone in my hand when I went out looking for him I was going to fell him. The lame scholar turned violent. Her presumed part in the plot is pivotal: if she had not told Manus of the kiss, Yolland might never have disappeared, Manus would not have had to leave Baile Beag, the village would not have been threatened with destruction and Sarah herself would not have been abandoned by her mentor. It has been suggested that in the scene with Lancey in which she loses her power of speech, Sarah represents Ireland. As she closes her mouth and lowers her head, according to the stage directions, the parallel is drawn with Ireland losing both her language and her power. Although Sarah, Jimmy and Doalty are all minor characters in terms of lines spoken and appearances in the play, they all make an essential contribution to the play, either in contributing to or commenting on the plot. By Act Three in contrast to the cheerful optimism of Act One, they and the play have become much darker. Sarah has lost the power of speech as well as the man who helped her discover it; Jimmy Jack has crossed the boundary between reality and fantasy, and Doalty through his concealment of the truth, has put the village and its people in danger. Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6439389042879798150.post-76667771970865229462019-11-14T02:38:00.001-08:002019-11-14T02:38:03.075-08:00Significant Monarchs in the History of Westminster Abbey :: Westminster Abbey Architecture Monarchs Essays Significant Monarchs in the History of Westminster Abbey à à à à à Westminster Abbey, an architectural accomplishment from the thirteenth century on, gives an illustrative display of British history. While daily worship still exists, it isnââ¬â¢t a cathedral or a parish church (Internet Westminster). The elaborate Lady Chapel, the shrine of St. Edward the Confessor, as well as tombs and memorials for kings, queens, the famous and great, allow the Abbey to be considered a ââ¬Å"Royal Peculiarâ⬠, which means that it falls under direct control of the British monarch (Internet Westminster). While every king or queen is significant, a small number have made an impact on the Abbey. Nobility of which include St. Edward the Confessor William the Conqueror Henry III, Richard II, Henry VII, Henry VIII, Mary I, Elizabeth I, James I, Charles I, George VI and Elizabeth II. à à à à à With minimal amounts of historical documentation, it is difficult to determine whether a church survived prior to Westminster Abbey (Internet Chronology). While the Venerable Bede provides no records of a pre-existing church, folklore attributes the establishment to King Serbert of the East Saxons (Internet St. Edward). He is also recognized for founding St. Paulââ¬â¢s Cathedral in London (St. Edward). King Serbert built the Benedictine church in 616 AD, after a fisherman is said to have been on the Thames river when he witnessed a vision of St. Peter (Internet Saint Peter). St. Peter is given credit for allegedly consecrating the church himself (Internet St. Edward). One of the Twelve Apostles, the Gospel mentions that he was the first to profess his faith believing Jesus was the Son of God (Internet Chronology). Charters found in the Abbey support the existing folklore (Chronology). Records prove that King Offa made a grant for the monastery in 785 ââ¬Ëto St. Peter and the needy people of God in Thorney in the terrible, awful place which is called ââ¬Å"act Westmunsterâ⬠ââ¬â¢ (Chronology). The charter was also significant in first naming Westminster, setting it apart from its brother to the east, St. Paulââ¬â¢s Cathedral (Internet St. Edward). From Glastonbury to Westminster, St. Dunstan, Bishop of London, brought twelve monks to the Abbey around 960 AD (St. Edward). A charter granting land to the church in 961, by King Edgar, refers to a church existing in the area (Internet Chronology). However a place of worship originated there, it is Edward the Confessor who is credited with the establishment of Westminster Abbey. Nova Burrishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02233775547020682498noreply@blogger.com0